Abstract: A semiconductor memory device is provided that includes a bit line on a substrate, a protruded insulating pattern on the bit line, and in a channel trench, first and second channel patterns that extend along sidewalls of the channel trench, and spaced apart from the first channel pattern in the first direction, a channel interfacial layer that extends along the sidewalls of the channel trench, and is in contact with the first channel pattern and the second channel pattern, a first word line between the first channel pattern and the second channel pattern, a second word line between the first channel pattern and the second channel pattern, and is spaced apart from the first word line in the first direction and a first capacitor and a second capacitor, which are electrically connected to the first channel pattern and the second channel pattern.

Abstract: A time-sensitive network control system and a centralized network configuration entity for controlling data traffic in the time-sensitive network control system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrically conductive contact pin and an inspection device having improved inspection reliability for an inspection object. The electrically conductive contact pin is characterized in that a first connection portion contacts a support portion to form a current path when a first elastic portion is compressed, and a second connection portion contacts the support portion to form a current path when a second elastic portion is compressed. The inspection device comprises an installation member having a through hole for receiving the electrically conductive contact pin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a jig for evaluating a buffer pad. The jig includes a first plate configured to be positioned on one surface of the buffer pad and configured to press the buffer pad; a second plate configured to be positioned on another surface of the buffer pad and configured to press the buffer pad from the other surface; and a magnet member configured to be positioned between the first plate and the second plate. A recessed portion, which is recessed to allow the magnet member to be disposed, is defined at an edge of at least one of the first plate and the second plate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is disclosed. The semiconductor memory device comprises a substrate including an active region, an element isolation film disposed in the substrate and that defines the active region, a recess which is disposed in the active region and extends in a first direction, and a gate structure extending in a second direction, on the active region, wherein the gate structure includes a gate insulating film, a gate stack pattern, and a gate capping pattern which are sequentially stacked, wherein the gate insulating film extends along an upper face of the active region, and a part of the gate insulating film fills the recess, and wherein a height from a lower face of the substrate to a bottom face of the element isolation film is less than a height from the lower face of the substrate to a bottom face of the recess.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a time-sensitive network control system and a centralized network configuration entity for controlling data traffic in the time-sensitive network control system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an energy management system and an energy management method, the system comprising: a reception unit for receiving energy price information from an energy supplier; an output unit for outputting predicted energy price information by inputting, into an artificial neural network (ANN), environment information including the energy price information; and a determination unit for determining the energy consumption action of each of a plurality of energy consumption devices at time (h) on the basis of determination information including the predicted energy price information, wherein the determination unit repetitively performs, until a set completion condition is satisfied, an update step of updating a Q value determined on the basis of an energy consumption state and an energy consumption action of each energy consumption device along time in order to determine the energy consumption action at time (h).

Abstract: An outdoor unit of an air conditioner having an improved structure to efficiently cool a heating unit of electronic parts therein, a cooling unit applied to the outdoor unit, and a method for manufacturing the cooling unit are provided. The outdoor unit of an air conditioner includes a case, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a condenser for condensing a refrigerant discharged from the compressor, electronic parts arranged in the case; and a cooling unit arranged to cool the electronic parts, wherein the cooling unit comprises a heat radiation member arranged to receive and cool down heat produced from the electronic parts, and to come into contact with at least a part of a cooling pipe in which the refrigerant flows, and a plurality of heat transfer fins formed at least some part of the heat radiation member.

Abstract: An incentive-based demand response (DR) method and system are provided from the view of a grid operator (GO) to enable system-level dispatch of DR resources. The method spans three hierarchical levels of a GO, multiple service providers (SPs), and corresponding customers. The GO first posts an incentive to SPs, who will then invoke sub-programs with enrolled customers to negotiate quantities of demand reduction via providing SP incentives. In view of the hierarchical decision-making structure, a two-loop Stackelberg game is proposed to capture interactions between different actors. The existence of a unique Stackelberg equilibrium that provides optimal system solutions is demonstrated. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in helping compensate system resource deficiency at minimum cost.

Abstract: A sequential air sampler is provided having a rotatable carrier adapted to support filter cassettes received from a supply magazine at a load station, transport them to a sampling station where gas flow is directed through that cassette, and then be transported to an unload station to be received by a storage magazine. A Geneva driver operated by a single motor provides intermittent rotation to the carrier between fixed positions. A cam rotates in concert with the Geneva driver so that a follower in reciprocating motion pushes up and then pulls down a pair of plungers for simultaneous cassette loading and unloading whenever the carrier is at one of its fixed positions. Magazines have magnetically actuated stoppers to keep the stack of cassettes in place until released. Magazines may also have a retaining lid with a position-adjustable piston to secure cassettes for transport.

Abstract: A method and a system for managing power are provided. The method for managing power includes: calculating in-facility DERs based on price data; and modeling a task of a production process in an industrial facility so as to minimize an energy cost by reflecting the calculated in-facility DERs, and controls charging/discharging of an energy storage system and production electricity of an energy generation system, and selects an operating point of a schedulable task of the production process so as to minimize the energy cost according to a change in the price data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a smart grid system and a method for distributing resources in the system. The smart grid system according to the present invention comprises at least one non-shiftable device; at least one controllable device; and at least one shiftable device; wherein price data are provided at each stage, the non-shiftable device is always provided with its resource requirements, the controllable device is provide with resources in the range of its resource requirements, and the shiftable device has its nominal resource requirements but not allowed to be provided with resources at the stage when resource price is highest.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an outdoor unit of an air conditioner configured to cool a heating unit by making contact with the heating unit, a cooling unit applied thereto, and a method for manufacturing the cooling unit. An outdoor unit of an air conditioner comprises a compressor configured to compress refrigerant; a condenser configured to condense the refrigerant discharged from the compressor; a control box provided with an electronic component configured to control an outdoor unit of an air conditioner; and a cooling unit configured to cool a heating unit by making contact with the heating unit of the electronic component, wherein the cooling unit comprises a heat radiating member having one side thereof make contact with the heating unit; and a refrigerant pipe extended by penetrating through the heat radiating member and in which refrigerant is moved.

Abstract: The system and method of a real-time demand bidding for energy management in discrete manufacturing system calculate a first maximum profit and a first optimum machine operation schedule that indicates whether there is an operation of each machine of the discrete manufacturing system at a predetermined time interval in a state where there is no real-time demand bidding event from a utility company supplying electricity; calculate a second maximum profit and a second optimum machine operation schedule upon receiving the real-time demand bidding from the utility company; compare the first maximum profit with the second maximum profit, and when it is determined that the second maximum profit is larger than the first maximum profit, participate in the real-time demand bidding with an optimum load reducing amount; and operate each machine according to the second optimum machine operation schedule when the bidding is approved from the utility company.

Abstract: An incentive-based demand response (DR) method and system are provided from the view of a grid operator (GO) to enable system-level dispatch of DR resources. The method spans three hierarchical levels of a GO, multiple service providers (SPs), and corresponding customers. The GO first posts an incentive to SPs, who will then invoke sub-programs with enrolled customers to negotiate quantities of demand reduction via providing SP incentives. In view of the hierarchical decision-making structure, a two-loop Stackelberg game is proposed to capture interactions between different actors. The existence of a unique Stackelberg equilibrium that provides optimal system solutions is demonstrated. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in helping compensate system resource deficiency at minimum cost.

Abstract: A Stackelberg game approach is used to describe a Demand-Response (DR) model for electricity trading between one utility company and multiple users, balancing supply and demand as well as smoothing an aggregated load in the power grid system. The interactions between the utility company and users are formulated into a 1-leader and N-follower Stackelberg game, where optimization problems are formed for each player to help select an optimal strategy. A pricing function is adopted for regulating real-time prices (RTP), and acts as a coordinator inducing users to join the game. An iterative algorithm is proposed to derive a Stackelberg equilibrium, through which optimal power generation and power demands are determined for the utility company and users, respectively.

Abstract: A sequential air sampler is provided having a rotatable carrier adapted to support filter cassettes received from a supply magazine at a load station, transport them to a sampling station where gas flow is directed through that cassette, and then be transported to an unload station to be received by a storage magazine. A Geneva driver operated by a single motor provides intermittent rotation to the carrier between fixed positions. A cam rotates in concert with the Geneva driver so that a follower in reciprocating motion pushes up and then pulls down a pair of plungers for simultaneous cassette loading and unloading whenever the carrier is at one of its fixed positions. Magazines have magnetically actuated stoppers to keep the stack of cassettes in place until released. Magazines may also have a retaining lid with a position-adjustable piston to secure cassettes for transport.

Abstract: The present invention relates to IFN-? fusion protein in which a cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are bonded to an IFN-? protein. The IFN-? fusion protein of the present invention is characterized in that the specific activity of interferon remains high, the half-life of the INF-? fusion protein is extended when delivered in vivo, and the mobility of the interferon in a liver is improved. The IFN-? fusion protein of the present invention can be used in the development of protein drugs effective in preventing or treating liver diseases, including various types of viral infections or the like.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an outdoor unit of an air conditioner configured to cool a heating unit by making contact with the heating unit, a cooling unit applied thereto, and a method for manufacturing the cooling unit. An outdoor unit of an air conditioner comprises a compressor configured to compress refrigerant; a condenser configured to condense the refrigerant discharged from the compressor; a control box provided with an electronic component configured to control an outdoor unit of an air conditioner; and a cooling unit configured to cool a heating unit by making contact with the heating unit of the electronic component, wherein the cooling unit comprises a heat radiating member having one side thereof make contact with the heating unit; and a refrigerant pipe extended by penetrating through the heat radiating member and in which refrigerant is moved.

Abstract: An outdoor unit of an air conditioner having an improved structure to efficiently cool a heating unit of electronic parts therein, a cooling unit applied to the outdoor unit, and a method for manufacturing the cooling unit are provided. The outdoor unit of an air conditioner includes a case, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a condenser for condensing a refrigerant discharged from the compressor, electronic parts arranged in the case; and a cooling unit arranged to cool the electronic parts, wherein the cooling unit comprises a heat radiation member arranged to receive and cool down heat produced from the electronic parts, and to come into contact with at least a part of a cooling pipe in which the refrigerant flows, and a plurality of heat transfer fins formed at least some part of the heat radiation member.