Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer structure between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, the dielectric layer structure including a first surface facing the lower electrode and a second surface facing the upper electrode. The dielectric layer structure includes a first dielectric layer including a first dielectric material and a plurality of grains extending from the first surface to the second surface and a second dielectric layer including a second dielectric material and surrounding a portion of a sidewall of each of the plurality of grains of the first dielectric layer in a level lower than the second surface. The second dielectric material includes a material having bandgap energy which is higher than bandgap energy of the first dielectric material.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for providing a location based service in an electronic device are provided. The method includes classifying location information of the electronic device having a similar characteristic into a category and mapping an operation of the electronic device according to the category.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for displaying application program information in an electronic device are provided. The method for displaying the application program information includes executing a first application program, determining at least one application program capable of being executed after the first application program, and displaying, on a display unit, information on the at least one application program.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of controlling screens in a device are provided. The apparatus includes a display configured to include a first screen and a second screen overlapped over the first screen, and a controller configured to control display of partial information of the first screen hidden by the second screen to be viewable by changing an attribute of the second screen, upon detecting a gesture on the second screen while information is being displayed separately on the first and second screens.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electronic device. The method includes: detecting whether a flexible display is rolled up into a pen-like shape; detecting a handwriting motion according to movement of the flexible display by using at least one sensor when the flexible display is rolled up into a pen-like shape; and displaying a locus according to the handwriting motion of the flexible display on the flexible display.

Abstract: A method for calculating a formula included in text in an electronic device includes detecting the text, detecting at least one formula included in the detected text, calculating at least the one formula, and displaying the calculated result. An apparatus for implementing the method includes at least one processor, at least one memory, and at least one program which is stored in at least the one memory and is configured to be executable by at least the one processor. The at least one program detects input text, detects at least one formula included in the detected text, calculates at least the one formula, and displays the calculated result.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for providing a location based service in an electronic device are provided. The method includes classifying location information of the electronic device having a similar characteristic into a category and mapping an operation of the electronic device according to the category.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of controlling screens in a device are provided. The apparatus includes a display configured to include a first screen and a second screen overlapped over the first screen, and a controller configured to control display of partial information of the first screen hidden by the second screen to be viewable by changing an attribute of the second screen, upon detecting a gesture on the second screen while information is being displayed separately on the first and second screens.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electronic device. The method includes: detecting whether a flexible display is rolled up into a pen-like shape; detecting a handwriting motion according to movement of the flexible display by using at least one sensor when the flexible display is rolled up into a pen-like shape; and displaying a locus according to the handwriting motion of the flexible display on the flexible display.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for displaying application program information in an electronic device are provided. The method for displaying the application program information includes executing a first application program, determining at least one application program capable of being executed after the first application program, and displaying, on a display unit, information on the at least one application program.

Abstract: A method for calculating a formula included in text in an electronic device includes detecting the text, detecting at least one formula included in the detected text, calculating at least the one formula, and displaying the calculated result. An apparatus for implementing the method includes at least one processor, at least one memory, and at least one program which is stored in at least the one memory and is configured to be executable by at least the one processor. The at least one program detects input text, detects at least one formula included in the detected text, calculates at least the one formula, and displays the calculated result.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film consisting essentially of a polyester resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin particles having an average particle diameter of 3 to 8 .mu.m in an amount ranging from 0.3 to 0.6% by weight based on the weight of the polyester resin, and a polyacrylate dispersant in the amount 0.05 to 5 wt % based on the weight of polytetrafluoroethylene particles. The film possesses excellent surface properties, e.g., abrasion resistance, scratch resistance, transparency, void resistance, surface smoothness, slurry stability, running property and dielectric strength.

Abstract: A biaxially extended polyester film comprising light calcium carbonate particles, spherical silica particles and .gamma.- or .delta.-alumina particles or a mixture thereof treated with a silane coupling agent prepared by the inventive process possesses excellent surface and physical properties.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film which contains 0.01 to 5 wt % of zinc oxide having an average particle diameter ranging from 0.01 to 5 .mu.m has improved transparency, UV light shielding ability and surface properties, and it is especially useful as wrapping materials for food, labels, window coating films, photoresists and the like. The zinc oxide may be optionally pretreated with a silane coupling agent of formula (I):R.sup.1 --R.sup.2 --Si--(OR.sup.3).sub.3 (I)wherein,R.sup.1 is a methacryl ##STR1## an epoxy ##STR2## or an amino (--NR'.sub.2) group wherein each R' is independently a hydrogen or an alkyl radical;R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-5 alkylene group; andR.sup.3 is a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biaxially oriented polyester film comprising the inorganic particulate slip agent of aluminum hydroxide or .THETA.-alumina having an average diameter ranging from 0.1005 to 3 .mu.m and Mohs hardness of 6 or more, in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 4 wt % based on the weight of the polyester, which has improved surface properties, abrasion resistance and scratch resistance.