Abstract: A video decoding device decodes from a bitstream an intra-prediction mode of the current block, derives a reference line group of the current block, and derives a reference line from within the reference line group. Further, the video decoding device generates a predictor of the current block by using the reference line according to the intra-prediction mode.

Abstract: The present invention provides method and apparatus for purifying exhaust gas of a vessel and a vessel including the same, in which a risk for a vessel and crew of being exposed to ammonia gas used to collect carbon dioxide included in exhaust gas emitted from a vessel may be minimized and an ammonia solution may be recycled and reused to collect carbon dioxide, in order to satisfy regulations on discharge of exhaust gas by the IMO. Also, the present invention provides an apparatus 1000 for purifying exhaust gas of a vessel and a method of purifying exhaust gas of a vessel using the same, in which carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide included in exhaust gas emitted from a vessel may be collected by using a reaction solution and may be changed into a substance that does not affect the environment so as to be stored and transported to land.

Abstract: A method of operating a remote controller for controlling one or more vehicles that are remotely controllable includes performing communication connection between a main controller of the remote controller and each of the one or more vehicles, the main controller including at least one processor; checking setting information of one or more secondary controllers connected to the main controller; and transmitting an input obtained by each of the one or more secondary controllers to a respective at least one vehicle of the one or more vehicles by referring to the setting information.

Abstract: An inverted nanocone structure of the present disclosure includes a first surface, a second surface spaced apart from the first surface by a predetermined distance and having a greater area than the first surface, and a body having an inverted cone shape between the first surface and the second surface, wherein at least one activated point defect center is provided in the body.

Abstract: An inverted nanocone structure of the present disclosure includes a first surface, a second surface spaced apart from the first surface by a predetermined distance and having a greater area than the first surface, and a body having an inverted cone shape between the first surface and the second surface, wherein at least one activated point defect center is provided in the body.

Abstract: A method of operating a remote controller for controlling one or more vehicles that are remotely controllable includes performing communication connection between a main controller of the remote controller and each of the one or more vehicles, the main controller including at least one processor; checking setting information of one or more secondary controllers connected to the main controller; and transmitting an input obtained by each of the one or more secondary controllers to a respective at least one vehicle of the one or more vehicles by referring to the; setting information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for setting a transmission power of a femtocell are provided. A range of a transmission power may be computed, and a minimum amount of power to be used by at least one communication terminal located within a cell coverage may be computed. Additionally, a suitable transmission power for communication may be determined using the computed range of the transmission power and the computed minimum amount of power.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mobile device to calculate an energy efficiency degree corresponding to a ratio of an amount of transmission of a data packet to an expected energy consumption, in response to the transmission of the data packet to a base station, to set a threshold value of the energy efficiency degree, and to determine whether to access a channel of the base station, based on the threshold value of the energy efficiency degree.

Abstract: A method for forming a moving network group by a mobile relay station (MRS) in a mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) system is provided. The MRS determines whether a transportation means mounted with the mobile relay station is at a predetermined location derived from travel information. When a velocity information of the transportation means at the predetermined location is zero (0), the MRS determines whether to include a mobile station (MS) to the moving network group based at least partly upon a signal that the mobile station receives from the mobile relay station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mobile device to calculate an energy efficiency degree corresponding to a ratio of an amount of transmission of a data packet to an expected energy consumption, in response to the transmission of the data packet to a base station, to set a threshold value of the energy efficiency degree, and to determine whether to access a channel of the base station, based on the threshold value of the energy efficiency degree.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for setting a transmission power of a femtocell are provided. A range of a transmission power may be computed, and a minimum amount of power to be used by at least one communication terminal located within a cell coverage may be computed. Additionally, a suitable transmission power for communication may be determined using the computed range of the transmission power and the computed minimum amount of power.

Abstract: A method for forming a moving network group by a mobile relay station (MRS) in a mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) system is provided. The MRS determines whether a transportation means mounted with the mobile relay station is at a predetermined location derived from travel information. When a velocity information of the transportation means at the predetermined location is zero (0), the MRS determines whether to include a mobile station (MS) to the moving network group based at least partly upon a signal that the mobile station receives from the mobile relay station.