Abstract: A Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) solar cell, and a method therefor are provided. The TOPCon solar cell includes: a silicon substrate; a tunneling layer formed on a surface of the silicon substrate; a polycrystalline silicon layer formed on a surface of the tunneling layer; a polycrystalline germanium layer formed on a surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer; a lower passivation layer formed on a surface of the polycrystalline germanium layer; and a lower electrode formed on the lower passivation layer and electrically connected to the polycrystalline germanium layer.

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes: a first vacuum chamber, wherein machining is performed on a target substrate in the first vacuum chamber; a laser facing the first vacuum chamber; a carrier disposed in the first vacuum chamber, wherein the target substrate is seated on the carrier; a chamber window disposed in one surface of the first vacuum chamber, wherein a laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the chamber window; a first protection window positioned between the carrier and the chamber window; a second vacuum chamber disposed at a first side of the first vacuum chamber; and a transfer unit configured to transfer the first protection window to the second vacuum chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a top bracing for a marine engine. The top bracing comprises a beam part for transmitting vibration load of the engine to a hull structure; a hull connection part for connecting the beam part to the hull structure; and an engine connection part for connecting the engine to the beam part. One of either the hull connection part or the engine connection part includes a pair of pressing plates connected to the beam part and arranged parallel to each other with a predetermined distance therebetween, a pair of friction support brackets fastened to the hull structure or the engine such that they are close to outer surfaces of the pair of pressing plates, respectively, and an elastic member intervened between the pair of pressing plates for damping the vibration load of the engine by adjusting pressing force which is applied by the pair of pressing plates to the pair of friction support brackets.