Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing hard carbon-containing material with a specific surface area of 100 m2/g or less, comprising the utilisation of one or more animal-derived materials.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a device for transferring an analyte from a reaction chamber to a detector, which detector is capable of detecting said analyte. The device comprises a tubular member having a first end adapted to receive a sample containing said analyte within said reaction chamber and a second end adapted to communicate with a sample inlet of said detector; and a jacket for regulating the temperature of sample passing through the tubular member, wherein said jacket is disposed about at least a portion of the tubular member. Methods of using the device, and apparatus comprising the device, are also provided. The device may be used to transfer an analyte from a reaction chamber to a detector during the course of a chemical reaction, such that the reaction can be monitored in situ.