Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide systems and methods for generating an adversarial sample with inflectional perturbations for training a natural language processing (NLP) system. A natural language sentence is received at an inflection perturbation module. Tokens are generated from the natural language sentence. For each token that has a part of speech that is a verb, adjective, or an adverb, an inflected form is determined. An adversarial sample of the natural language sentence is generated by detokenizing inflected forms of the tokens. The NLP system is trained using the adversarial sample.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide an attention-based tree encoding mechanism. Specifically, the attention layer receives as input the pre-parsed constituency tree of a sentence and the lower-layer representations of all nodes. The attention layer then performs upward accumulation to encode the tree structure from leaves to the root in a bottom-up fashion. Afterwards, weighted aggregation is used to compute the final representations of non-terminal nodes.

Abstract: A computing machine receives sensor data representing airflow or air pressure. The computing machine determines, using an artificial neural network, a current sleep stage corresponding to the sensor data. The current sleep stage is one of: wake, rapid eye movement (REM), light sleep, and deep sleep. The artificial neural network comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), and a conditional random field (CRF). The computing machine provides an output representing the current sleep stage.