Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned underneath a centrally-positioned medallion and along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned underneath a centrally-positioned medallion and along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned underneath a centrally-positioned medallion and along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned underneath a centrally-positioned medallion and along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric heating element is disclosed, including an electrically resistive inner heating element, an electrically resistive outer heating element, and a thermostat positioned along a cold leg of the inner heating element. The thermostat is configured to selectively allow electrical current to be delivered to the inner heating element while maximum electrical current, for example, continues to be provided to the outer heating element. The thermostat cycles the electrical current on and off when detecting maximum and minimum desired temperatures radiated from the electric heating element. The inner heating element has a pair of cold legs that extend parallel to a pair of cold legs of the outer heating element, some or all of which may be supported by a terminal bracket.

Abstract: A system includes a formal verification engine running on a host and a protocol checking engine. The formal verification engine automatically generates and formally verifies a reference specification that includes a plurality of extended state tables for an integrated circuit (IC) design protocol of a chip at architectural level. The formal verification engine is further configured to automatically generate a plurality of self-contained services from the plurality of extended state tables. A self-contained service of the plurality of self-contained services is randomly and atomically executable. The self-contained service of the plurality of self-contained services changes responsive to the IC design protocol changing. The protocol checking engine checks and validates completeness and correctness of the self-contained service of the reference specification.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support dynamic regression test generation for an IC design based upon coverage-based clustering of RTL modules in the design. First, coverage data for code coverage by a plurality of RTL modules in the IC design are collected and a plurality of clusters of related RTL modules of the IC design are generated based on statistical analysis of the collected coverage data and hierarchal information of the RTL modules. When changes are made to the RTL modules during the IC design process, a plurality of affected RTL modules are identified based on the clusters of the RTL modules and a plurality of regression tests are generated dynamically for these affected RTL modules based on their corresponding coverage data. The dynamically generated regression tests are then run to verify the changes made in the IC design.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support dynamic regression test generation for an IC design based upon coverage-based clustering of RTL modules in the design. First, coverage data for code coverage by a plurality of RTL modules in the IC design are collected and a plurality of clusters of related RTL modules of the IC design are generated based on statistical analysis of the collected coverage data and hierarchal information of the RTL modules. When changes are made to the RTL modules during the IC design process, a plurality of affected RTL modules are identified based on the clusters of the RTL modules and a plurality of regression tests are generated dynamically for these affected RTL modules based on their corresponding coverage data. The dynamically generated regression tests are then run to verify the changes made in the IC design.

Abstract: A system includes a formal verification engine running on a host and a protocol checking engine. The formal verification engine automatically generates and formally verifies a reference specification that includes a plurality of extended state tables for an integrated circuit (IC) design protocol of a chip at architectural level. The formal verification engine is further configured to automatically generate a plurality of self-contained services from the plurality of extended state tables. A self-contained service of the plurality of self-contained services is randomly and atomically executable. The self-contained service of the plurality of self-contained services changes responsive to the IC design protocol changing. The protocol checking engine checks and validates completeness and correctness of the self-contained service of the reference specification.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates a system and method to support automated functional coverage generation and management for an IC design protocol. The proposed approach takes advantage of table-based high-level (e.g., transaction-level) specifications of the IC design protocol, wherein the state tables are readable and easily manageable (e.g., in ASCII format) in order to automatically generate functional coverage for the IC design protocol, which include but are not limited to, coverage points, protocol transitions, and/or transaction coverage. The automatically generated functional coverage is then verified via formal verification and simulated at the register-transfer level (RTL) during the coverage generation and management process. The coverage data from the formal verification and the simulation runs are then analyzed and used to guide and revise the IC design protocol in a coverage-based closed-loop IC design process.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support automated functional coverage generation and management for an IC design protocol. The proposed approach takes advantage of table-based high-level (e.g., transaction-level) specifications of the IC design protocol, wherein the state tables are readable and easily manageable (e.g., in ASCII format) in order to automatically generate functional coverage for the IC design protocol, which include but are not limited to, coverage points, protocol transitions, and/or transaction coverage. The automatically generated functional coverage is then verified via formal verification and simulated at the register-transfer level (RTL) during the coverage generation and management process. The coverage data from the formal verification and the simulation runs are then analyzed and used to guide and revise the IC design protocol in a coverage-based closed-loop IC design process.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support a hybrid verification framework (HVF) to design, verify, and implement design protocols for an integrated circuit (IC) chip such as a system-on-chip (SOC) and/or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip. The framework creates a plurality of specifications in form of extended state transition tables for different phases of a design flow of the IC chip. The framework integrates and uses the extended state table-based specifications and the templates in all phases in the design flow, resulting in a tight revision loop of debug, verification, and validation across the phases of the design flow.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support a hybrid verification framework (HVF) to design, verify, and implement design protocols for an integrated circuit (IC) chip such as a system-on-chip (SOC) and/or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip. The framework creates a plurality of specifications in form of extended state transition tables for different phases of a design flow of the IC chip. The framework integrates and uses the extended state table-based specifications and the templates in all phases in the design flow, resulting in a tight revision loop of debug, verification, and validation across the phases of the design flow.