Abstract: Fire extinguishing/suppression liquids (with superior fire extinguishing efficacy) use gas nanobubbles in the liquids creating an extinguishing material for fire suppression that can be utilized for any of types of fire suppression applications. The gas nanobubbles may be infused into any type of fire suppression material, which can then be stored in a receptacle for subsequent use by any apparatus, device, or system adapted for delivering such a material to a fire or a location where a fire hazard is imminent.

Abstract: A therapeutic electron transfer device including a half-cell and an ionically conductive path for ion transfer between an organism and the half-cell. The half-cell includes an electrically conductive electrode, an active material in contact with the electrode, and an electrically conductive path for electron transfer between the organism and the electrode. The active material includes an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent, such that electron transfer occurs spontaneously from or to the organism, respectively. A kit includes therapeutic electron transfer device and instructions for use. Two therapeutic electron transfer devices may be used simultaneously or alternately to provide electrons to an organism, withdraw electrons from an organism, or both.

Abstract: A therapeutic electron transfer device including a half-cell and an ionically conductive path for ion transfer between an organism and the half-cell. The half-cell includes an electrically conductive electrode, an active material in contact with the electrode, and an electrically conductive path for electron transfer between the organism and the electrode. The active material includes an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent, such that electron transfer occurs spontaneously from or to the organism, respectively. A kit includes therapeutic electron transfer device and instructions for use. Two therapeutic electron transfer devices may be used simultaneously or alternately to provide electrons to an organism, withdraw electrons from an organism, or both.