Abstract: A method of state permutation logic locking (SPeLL) for sequential circuits. The method includes encrypting original states of a sequential circuit to produce encrypted states, by transitioning an initial order of the original states into a secret permutation of the encrypted states, where the secret permutation is different than the initial order. The method also includes determining a cryptographic key that corresponds to the transition from the initial order of the original states to the secret permutation of the encrypted states, and decrypting the encrypted states, by using the cryptographic key to transition from the secret permutation of the encrypted states back to the initial order of the original states.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a data block begins with segmenting the data block into a number of data sub-blocks. Each data sub-block where a number of high bits is greater than a number of low bits is then inverted. The data sub-blocks are then grouped into sets of data sub-blocks. For each set of data sub blocks, a number of pulses indicative of a number of high bits in each one of the data sub-blocks in the set is transmitted, there is a delay, and a number of pulses indicative of each high bit in each data sub-block of the set of data sub-blocks is transmitted followed by a delay. Finally, a number of pulses indicative of which ones of the data sub-blocks were inverted is transmitted.

Abstract: A method includes the steps of providing a number of force consolidators between an object and a surface, providing a number of force sensors, each in a different one of the force consolidators, measuring an output of the force sensors, and processing the output of the force sensors to determine a total force exerted between the object and the surface. The force consolidators are each configured to reduce a portion of a surface area of the object into a consolidated surface area such that forces exerted on the portion of the surface area are concentrated in the consolidated surface area. By using the force consolidators along with the force sensors, the total force exerted by the object on the surface may be easily measured using off-the-shelf force sensor technologies.

Abstract: A method for secure device-to-device communication using multilayered ciphers is provided. A selected cipher is employed to generate a pair of encryption/decryption keystreams for enabling multilayered encryption/decryption on a pulsed-index communication (PIC) packet(s). In examples discussed herein, a first layer encryption/decryption is performed by encrypting/decrypting a PIC data(s) (PD(s)) in the PIC packet(s) based on a first of the pair of encryption/decryption keystreams. In addition, a second layer encryption/decryption is performed by encrypting/decrypting selected control information (e.g., information related to encoding/decoding the PD(s)) in the PIC packet(s) based on a second of the pair of encryption/decryption keystreams.

Abstract: A method for estimating the weight of a subject while moving includes attaching one or more force sensors to the subject such that the force sensors measure a force exerted between each foot of the subject and a surface on which the subject is positioned, monitoring the one or more force sensors while the subject is moving to obtain a moving force measurement, processing the moving force measurement to determine a peak level of the moving force, a valley level of the moving force measurement, and a force range of the moving force measurement, determining an acceleration of center of mass of the subject from the force range, and estimating the weight of the subject while moving from the valley level and the acceleration of center of mass.

Abstract: A method for secure device-to-device communication using multilayered ciphers is provided. A selected cipher is employed to generate a pair of encryption/decryption keystreams for enabling multilayered encryption/decryption on a pulsed-index communication (PIC) packet(s). In examples discussed herein, a first layer encryption/decryption is performed by encrypting/decrypting a PIC data(s) (PD(s)) in the PIC packet(s) based on a first of the pair of encryption/decryption keystreams. In addition, a second layer encryption/decryption is performed by encrypting/decrypting selected control information (e.g., information related to encoding/decoding the PD(s)) in the PIC packet(s) based on a second of the pair of encryption/decryption keystreams.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a data block begins with segmenting the data block into a number of data sub-blocks. Each data sub-block where a number of high bits is greater than a number of low bits is then inverted. The data sub-blocks are then grouped into sets of data sub-blocks. For each set of data sub blocks, a number of pulses indicative of a number of high bits in each one of the data sub-blocks in the set is transmitted, there is a delay, and a number of pulses indicative of each high bit in each data sub-block of the set of data sub-blocks is transmitted followed by a delay. Finally, a number of pulses indicative of which ones of the data sub-blocks were inverted is transmitted.

Abstract: A method includes the steps of providing a number of force consolidators between an object and a surface, providing a number of force sensors, each in a different one of the force consolidators, measuring an output of the force sensors, and processing the output of the force sensors to determine a total force exerted between the object and the surface. The force consolidators are each configured to reduce a portion of a surface area of the object into a consolidated surface area such that forces exerted on the portion of the surface area are concentrated in the consolidated surface area. By using the force consolidators along with the force sensors, the total force exerted by the object on the surface may be easily measured using off-the-shelf force sensor technologies.

Abstract: A method for estimating the weight of a subject while moving includes attaching one or more force sensors to the subject such that the force sensors measure a force exerted between each foot of the subject and a surface on which the subject is positioned, monitoring the one or more force sensors while the subject is moving to obtain a moving force measurement, processing the moving force measurement to determine a peak level of the moving force, a valley level of the moving force measurement, and a force range of the moving force measurement, determining an acceleration of center of mass of the subject from the force range, and estimating the weight of the subject while moving from the valley level and the acceleration of center of mass.

Abstract: Systems and methods for low-power single-wire communication are provided. In some embodiments, a method of operation of a transmitter to transmit a data word to a receiver using low-power single-wire communication includes receiving the data word to be transmitted to the receiver. The method also includes encoding the data word to be transmitted in a Pulsed Index Communication (PIC) format to produce a PIC data word and transmitting the PIC data word to the receiver. In this way, the transmitter may be able to transmit an increased amount of data while maintaining a simple communication protocol that uses low power and does not require a Clock-Data Recovery circuit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for low-power single-wire communication are provided. In some embodiments, a method of operation of a transmitter to transmit a data word to a receiver using low-power single-wire communication includes receiving the data word to be transmitted to the receiver. The method also includes encoding the data word to be transmitted in a Pulsed Index Communication (PIC) format to produce a PIC data word and transmitting the PIC data word to the receiver. In this way, the transmitter may be able to transmit an increased amount of data while maintaining a simple communication protocol that uses low power and does not require a Clock-Data Recovery circuit.