Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising partially deacetylated chitosan and ss or dsRNA partially complementary to, binding to or at least 90% identical to mRNA targets of viruses pathogenic in farmed crustaceans, compositions and farmed aquatic crustaceans comprising the same, and methods for their use in treating or preventing viral infection in aquaculture are provided.

Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising partially deacetylated chitosan and ss or dsRNA partially complementary to, binding to or at least 90% identical to mRNA targets of viruses pathogenic in farmed crustaceans, compositions and farmed aquatic crustaceans comprising the same, and methods for their use in treating or preventing viral infection in aquaculture are provided.

Abstract: This disclosure provides herbicide resistant algae and cyanobacteria. This disclosure also provides a method to cultivate algae and cyanobacteria in axenic cultures without contaminating species. Moreover, this disclosure provides transgenic algal and cyanobacterial cells that are capable of high production in high light intensities as typically applied in cultivation. Furthermore, a novel transformation method is provided for algal cells.

Abstract: The high-speed centrifugation heretofore required for harvesting micro algae and cyanobacteria cultured for biofuels and other co-products is a major cost constraint. Mixing algae/cyanobacteria at high-density culture with far less alkali than previously assumed is sufficient to flocculate the cells. The amount of flocculant required is a function of the logarithm of cell density, and is not a linear function of cell density as had been thought. The least expensive alkali treatments are with slaked limestone or dolomite (calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxides). Further water can be removed from the floc by sedimentation, low speed centrifugation, dissolved air flotation or filtration, prior to further processing to separate oil from valuable co-products.

Abstract: Genetic mechanisms for mitigating the effects of introgression of a genetically engineered genetic trait of cultivated algae or cyanobacteria to its wild type or to an undesirable, interbreeding related species, as well as preventing the establishment of the transgenic algae or cyanobacteria in natural ecosystems by suppressing the activity of the carbon concentrating mechanism.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method to reduce cell damage caused by near UV light absorption of algal or cyanobacterial cultures. The algal or cyanobacterial cells are transformed to express one or more fluorescent proteins, that absorb the harmful UV or near UV wavelengths and emits wavelengths that are photosynthetically more active. The photosynthetic pigments of the transgenic algal or cyanobacterial cell culture will then absorb the photosynthetically active light emitted by the fluorescent proteins. Accordingly the harmful effects of the UV and near UV radiation are reduced and the photosynthetic activity of the algal or cyanobacterial cells is improved.

Abstract: This disclosure provides herbicide resistant algae and cyanobacteria. This disclosure also provides a method to cultivate algae and cyanobacteria in axenic cultures without contaminating species. Moreover, this disclosure provides transgenic algal and cyanobacterial cells that are capable of high production in high light intensities as typically applied in cultivation. Furthermore, a novel transformation method is provided for algal cells.