Abstract: A method for in vitro transcription of a DNA template into RNA includes providing a mixture containing a buffer substance, ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), one or more magnesium salts in a concentration of from about 2 mM to about 60 mM, the DNA template, and a recombinant RNA polymerase, and incubating the reaction mixture at from about 25° C. to about 40° C. for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours thereby producing the RNA. A method for in vitro transcription includes providing a DNA template and a cap analogue that binds to ?1 and/or +1 nucleotides of promoter for in vitro transcription, thus producing more full length mRNAs, allowing for more flexibility on the choice of first mRNA base, and providing +2 position open for custom sequence.

Abstract: A method for in vitro transcription of a DNA template into RNA includes providing a mixture containing a buffer substance, ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), one or more magnesium salts in a concentration of from about 2 mM to about 60 mM, the DNA template, and a recombinant RNA polymerase, and incubating the reaction mixture at from about 25° C. to about 40° C. for from about 1 hour to about 12 hours thereby producing the RNA. A method for in vitro transcription includes providing a DNA template and a cap analogue that binds to ?1 and/or +1 nucleotides of promoter for in vitro transcription, thus producing more full length mRNAs, allowing for more flexibility on the choice of first mRNA base, and providing +2 position open for custom sequence.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and compositions for improved polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In one aspect the methods and compositions include improved aptamers to reversibly inhibit polymerase and exonuclease activity of the polymerase enzyme.