Abstract: Naphtha boiling range compositions are provided that can have improved combustion properties (relative to the research octane number of the composition) in spark ignition engines and/or compression ignition engines. The improved combustion properties can be achieved by controlling the total combined amounts of n-paraffins and isoparaffins that include a straight-chain propyl group (R1—CH2—CH2—CH2—R2). For such a straight-chain propyl group, R2 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin. R1 can correspond to a hydrogen atom, making the straight-chain propyl group a terminal n-propyl group; or R1 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin.

Abstract: A power system comprises an engine configured to combust an air/fuel mixture and produce a flow of exhaust gas; an exhaust passageway fluidly connected to the engine to receive the flow of exhaust gas; an exhaust gas recirculation loop fluidly connecting the exhaust passageway to a fuel intake for the engine; a first conversion zone containing a fuel reforming catalyst located within the exhaust gas recirculation loop; and a second conversion zone located within the exhaust gas recirculation loop separate from and downstream of the first conversion zone stream, the second conversion zone containing a fuel cracking catalyst.

Abstract: Naphtha boiling range compositions are provided that can have improved combustion properties (relative to the research octane number of the composition) in spark ignition engines and/or compression ignition engines. The improved combustion properties can be achieved by controlling the total combined amounts of n-paraffins and isoparaffins that include a straight-chain propyl group (R1—CH2—CH2—CH2—R2). For such a straight-chain propyl group, R2 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin. R1 can correspond to a hydrogen atom, making the straight-chain propyl group a terminal n-propyl group; or R1 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing selective catalytic reduction on engine exhaust using ethanol from the engine fuel as the reducing agent. Fuel from a fuel tank or other fuel source can be passed through a separation module to produce a fuel stream with a reduced ethanol content and an ethanol-enriched fraction. After combustion of fuel under lean conditions, the combustion exhaust can be exposed to a catalyst system in the presence of the ethanol-enriched fraction.

Abstract: Zn-promoted and/or Ga-promoted cracking catalysts, such as cracking catalysts comprising an MSE framework zeolite or an MFI framework zeolite can provide unexpectedly superior conversion of branched paraffins when used as part of a catalyst during reforming of a hydrocarbon fuel stream. The conversion and reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel stream can occur, for example, in an internal combustion engine. The conversion and reforming can allow for formation of higher octane compounds from the branched paraffins.

Abstract: Naphtha boiling range compositions are provided that can have improved combustion properties (relative to the research octane number of the composition) in spark ignition engines and/or compression ignition engines. The improved combustion properties can be achieved by controlling the total combined amounts of n-paraffins and isoparaffins that include a straight-chain propyl group (R1—CH2—CH2—CH2—R2). For such a straight-chain propyl group, R2 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin. R1 can correspond to a hydrogen atom, making the straight-chain propyl group a terminal n-propyl group; or R1 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin.

Abstract: Naphtha boiling range compositions are provided that can have improved combustion properties (relative to the research octane number of the composition) in spark ignition engines and/or compression ignition engines. The improved combustion properties can be achieved by controlling the total combined amounts of n-paraffins and isoparaffins that include a straight-chain propyl group (R1—CH2—CH2—CH2—R2). For such a straight-chain propyl group, R2 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin. R1 can correspond to a hydrogen atom, making the straight-chain propyl group a terminal n-propyl group; or R1 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin.

Abstract: A power system comprises an engine configured to combust an air/fuel mixture and produce a flow of exhaust gas; an exhaust passageway fluidly connected to the engine to receive the flow of exhaust gas; an exhaust gas recirculation loop fluidly connecting the exhaust passageway to a fuel intake for the engine; a first conversion zone containing a fuel reforming catalyst located within the exhaust gas recirculation loop; and a second conversion zone located within the exhaust gas recirculation loop separate from and downstream of the first conversion zone stream, the second conversion zone containing a fuel cracking catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing selective catalytic reduction on engine exhaust using ethanol from the engine fuel as the reducing agent. Fuel from a fuel tank or other fuel source can be passed through a separation module to produce a fuel stream with a reduced ethanol content and an ethanol-enriched fraction. After combustion of fuel under lean conditions, the combustion exhaust can be exposed to a catalyst system in the presence of the ethanol-enriched fraction.

Abstract: Zn-promoted and/or Ga-promoted cracking catalysts, such as cracking catalysts comprising an MSE framework zeolite or an MFI framework zeolite can provide unexpectedly superior conversion of branched paraffins when used as part of a catalyst during reforming of a hydrocarbon fuel stream. The conversion and reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel stream can occur, for example, in an internal combustion engine. The conversion and reforming can allow for formation of higher octane compounds from the branched paraffins.

Abstract: Naphtha boiling range compositions are provided that can have improved combustion properties (relative to the research octane number of the composition) in spark ignition engines and/or compression ignition engines. The improved combustion properties can be achieved by controlling the total combined amounts of n-paraffins and isoparaffins that include a straight-chain propyl group (R1—CH2—CH2—CH2—R2). For such a straight-chain propyl group, R2 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin. R1 can correspond to a hydrogen atom, making the straight-chain propyl group a terminal n-propyl group; or R1 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin.

Abstract: Naphtha boiling range compositions are provided that can have improved combustion properties (relative to the research octane number of the composition) in spark ignition engines and/or compression ignition engines. The improved combustion properties can be achieved by controlling the total combined amounts of n-paraffins and isoparaffins that include a straight-chain propyl group (R1—CH2—CH2—CH2—R2). For such a straight-chain propyl group, R2 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin. R1 can correspond to a hydrogen atom, making the straight-chain propyl group a terminal n-propyl group; or R1 can correspond to any convenient CxHy group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin.

Abstract: An integrated process for converting low-value paraffinic materials to high octane gasoline and high-cetane diesel light is disclosed. The process involves: (1) oxidation of an iso-paraffin to alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol; (2) converting the alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol to dialkyl peroxide; (3) converting low-octane, paraffinic gasoline molecules using the dialkyl peroxides as radical initiators, thereby forming high-cetane diesel, while the dialkyl peroxide is converted to an alcohol; (4) converting the alcohol to an olefin; and (5) alkylating the olefin with iso-butane to form high-octane alkylate. The net reaction is thus conversion of iso-paraffin to high-octane gasoline alkylate, and conversion of low-octane paraffinic gasoline to high-cetane diesel.

Abstract: An integrated process for converting low-value paraffinic materials to high octane gasoline and high-cetane diesel light is disclosed. The process involves: (1) oxidation of an iso-paraffin to alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol; (2) converting the alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol to dialkyl peroxide; (3) converting low-octane, paraffinic gasoline molecules using the dialkyl peroxides as radical initiators, thereby forming high-cetane diesel, while the dialkyl peroxide is converted to an alcohol; (4) converting the alcohol to an olefin; and (5) alkylating the olefin with iso-butane to form high-octane alkylate. The net reaction is thus conversion of iso-paraffin to high-octane gasoline alkylate, and conversion of low-octane paraffinic gasoline to high-cetane diesel.