Abstract: Cross-linked tetrapolymers made up of different diallyl zwitterionic diallyl quaternary ammonium salt monomers, with one of them functioning as a cross-linking monomer. The cross-linked terpolymers include a repeating unit with multiple ligand centers that different metal ions can bind to. The cross-linked tetrapolymers are cationic, zwitterionic and anionic, and can be in either an acidic form or a basic form. A method of removing metal ions from an aqueous solution with these cross-linked tetrapolymers is also described.

Abstract: Cross-linked tetrapolymers made up of different diallyl zwitterionic diallyl quaternary ammonium salt monomers, with one of them functioning as a cross-linking monomer. The cross-linked terpolymers include a repeating unit with multiple ligand centers that different metal ions can bind to. The cross-linked tetrapolymers are cationic, zwitterionic and anionic, and can be in either an acidic form or a basic form. A method of removing metal ions from an aqueous solution with these cross-linked tetrapolymers is also described.

Abstract: Cross-linked cyclopolymeric resins from N,N-diallyl quaternary ammonium monomers and tetrallylpiperazinium cross-linking monomer or salts, solvates, tautomers or stereoisomers as adsorbent materials for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. A process for producing the cross-linked cyclopolymeric resins by Butler cyclocopolymerization of the monomers with a free radical initiator. The cross linked cyclopolymeric resins are polyzwitterionic or polyzwitterionic and dianionic and feature repeating units with multiple chelating centers that heavy metal ions can bind to. In addition, a method for removing heavy metals from aqueous solution via contacting and treatment with the cross-linked cyclopolymeric resins.

Abstract: Cross-linked tetrapolymers made up of different diallyl zwitterionic diallyl quaternary ammonium salt monomers, with one of them functioning as a cross-linking monomer. The cross-linked terpolymers include a repeating unit with multiple ligand centers that different metal ions can bind to. The cross-linked tetrapolymers are cationic, zwitterionic and anionic, and can be in either an acidic form or a basic form. A method of removing metal ions from an aqueous solution with these cross-linked tetrapolymers is also described.

Abstract: Cross-linked cyclopolymeric resins from N,N-diallyl quaternary ammonium monomers and tetrallylpiperazinium cross-linking monomer or salts, solvates, tautomers or stereoisomers as adsorbent materials for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. A process for producing the cross-linked cyclopolymeric resins by Butler cyclocopolymerization of the monomers with a free radical initiator. The cross linked cyclopolymeric resins are polyzwitterionic or polyzwitterionic and dianionic and feature repeating units with multiple chelating centers that heavy metal ions can bind to. In addition, a method for removing heavy metals from aqueous solution via contacting and treatment with the cross-linked cyclopolymeric resins.

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer and corresponding cyclopolymerized polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) (i.e. poly(Z-alt-SO2). Phosophonate ester hydroloysis in PZ gave a pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The PZA under pH-induced transformation was converted into polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) and polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN).

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer and corresponding cyclopolymerized polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) (i.e. poly(Z-alt-SO2). Phosophonate ester hydroloysis in PZ gave a pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The PZA under pH-induced transformation was converted into polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) and polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN).

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer and corresponding cyclopolymerized polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) (i.e. poly(Z-alt-SO2). Phosophonate ester hydroloysis in PZ gave a pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The PZA under pH-induced transformation was converted into polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) and polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN).

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer and corresponding cyclopolymerized polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) (i.e. poly(Z-alt-SO2). Phosophonate ester hydroloysis in PZ gave a pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The PZA under pH-induced transformation was converted into polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) and polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN).

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer and corresponding cyclopolymerized polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) (i.e. poly(Z-alt-SO2). Phosophonate ester hydroloysis in PZ gave a pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The PZA under pH-induced transformation was converted into polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) and polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN).

Abstract: The poly(zwitterion-alt-sulfur dioxide) copolymer includes a structural unit having the structural formula: wherein “n” is the number of repeating units. The copolymer is made by cocyclopolymerizing 3-(N,N-diallyl,N-carboethoxymethylammonio)propanesulfonate with sulfur dioxide to obtain an intermediate polyzwitterion (PZ) copolymer, which is hydrolyzed to form the copolymer. The copolymer may be converted to a poly(electrolyte-zwitterion) by treatment with a base, such as sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: Cross-linked tetrapolymers made up of different diallyl zwitterionic diallyl quaternary ammonium salt monomers, with one of them functioning as a cross-linking monomer. The cross-linked terpolymers include a repeating unit with multiple ligand centers that different metal ions can bind to. The cross-linked tetrapolymers are cationic, zwitterionic and anionic, and can be in either an acidic form or a basic form. A method of removing metal ions from an aqueous solution with these cross-linked tetrapolymers is also described.

Abstract: The polyzwitterionic acid antiscalant is an antiscalant for use in desalination plants and the like for inhibiting CaSO4 and SO42? scale precipitation. The polyzwitterionic acid (PZA) antiscalant has the following structural formula: In order to make the PZA antiscalant, N-carboethoxymethyl-3-(N,N-diallylamino)propanesulfonate, a zwitterionic monomer, is cyclopolymerized in aqueous solution using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to make an intermediate polyzwitterion (PZ). Acidic hydrolysis of the ester groups of the PZ is performed to produce the PZA antiscalant. Evaluation of the antiscalant properties of the PZA antiscalant using concentrated brines revealed that the PZA antiscalant, at a concentration of 10 ppm, is very effective in inhibiting the formation of calcium sulfate scale, particularly in reverse osmosis plants.

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer and corresponding cyclopolymerized polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) containing, on each repeating unit, both phosphonate and sulfonate functionalities. Phosphonate ester hydrolysis in PZ gave a pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The PZA under pH-induced transformation was converted into polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) and polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN).

Abstract: A symmetrically substituted cationic monomer and its corresponding cationic polyelectrolyte (CPE) (+) bearing two identical (diethoxyphosphoryl)propyl pendent groups on repeating pyrrolidinium units. Phosphonate ester hydrolysis in (CPE) (+) forms a pH-responsive cationic polyacid (CPA) (+). The (CPA) (+) is converted under pH-induced transformation into a polyzwitterion acid (±) (PZA) or a polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) or a polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN) or a polyzwitterion/trianion (±?) (PZTAN).

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer and corresponding cyclopolymerized polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) (i.e. poly(Z-alt-SO2). Phosophonate ester hydroloysis in PZ gave a pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The PZA under pH-induced transformation was converted into polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) and polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN).

Abstract: The polyzwitterionic acid antiscalant is an antiscalant for use in desalination plants and the like for inhibiting CaSO4 and SO42? scale precipitation. The polyzwitterionic acid (PZA) antiscalant has the following structural formula: In order to make the PZA antiscalant, N-carboethoxymethyl-3-(N,N-diallylamino)propanesulfonate, a zwitterionic monomer, is cyclopolymerized in aqueous solution using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to make an intermediate polyzwitterion (PZ). Acidic hydrolysis of the ester groups of the PZ is performed to produce the PZA antiscalant. Evaluation of the antiscalant properties of the PZA antiscalant using concentrated brines revealed that the PZA antiscalant, at a concentration of 10 ppm, is very effective in inhibiting the formation of calcium sulfate scale, particularly in reverse osmosis plants.

Abstract: A symmetrically substituted cationic monomer and its corresponding cationic polyelectrolyte (CPE) (+) bearing two identical (diethoxyphosphoryl)propyl pendent groups on repeating pyrrolidinium units. Phosphonate ester hydrolysis in (CPE) (+) forms a pH-responsive cationic polyacid (CPA) (+). The (CPA) (+) is converted under pH-induced transformation into a polyzwitterion acid (±) (PZA) or a polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) or a polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN) or a polyzwitterion/trianion (±?) (PZTAN).

Abstract: The poly(zwitterion-alt-sulfur dioxide) copolymer includes a structural unit having the structural formula: The copolymer is made by cocyclopolymerizing 3-(N,N-diallyl,N-carboethoxymethylammonio)propanesulfonate with sulfur dioxide to obtain an intermediate polyzwitterion (PZ) copolymer, which is hydrolyzed to form the copolymer. The copolymer may be converted to a poly(electrolyte-zwitterion) by treatment with a base, such as sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer and corresponding cyclopolymerized polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) containing, on each repeating unit, both phosphonate and sulfonate functionalities. Phosphonate ester hydrolysis in PZ gave a pH-responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The PZA under pH-induced transformation was converted into polyzwitterion/anion (±?) (PZAN) and polyzwitterion/dianion (±=) (PZDAN).