Abstract: Disclosed is a system for, or method of, packaging a product within a packaging bag, wherein the packaging bag includes an inner liner and an outer liner. The method including the steps of marking the inner liner with a first marking unit, filling the bag with the product, and subsequently marking the outer liner with a second marking unit. The markings may be machine readable and/or randomly generated and stored in a database. The system may further include a machine reader, which is capable of accessing the database, and which is capable of reading the markings on the inner liner and/or the outer liner, to thus determine if an outer liner subsequently removed from an inner liner is/was the same outer liner associated with the same inner liner, at the time when the bag was filled and/or packaged.

Abstract: A method of packaging a product within a bag includes the step of providing for at least one product security element to be present on or within the bag, in a region of where the bag will be sealed. The method also includes the steps of filling the bag with the product, and subsequently sealing the bag, using heat sealing apparatus, whereby the seal thus formed passes through at least a portion of the at least one product security element, thereby permanently heat sealing the product security element to the bag.

Abstract: This invention relates to a valve for use in a pipe used for transporting a substance. The valve includes a rotatable disc, a valve seat, and an actuator. The actuator is adapted to rotate the rotatable disc between a closed position, where the rotatable disc is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, and whereby the edges of the rotatable disc are adapted to seal against the valve seat, thus preventing the flow of the substance through the valve, and an open position, wherein the rotatable disc is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, thus allowing for the flow of the substance through the valve. The valve also includes a protective portion adapted to cover at least a portion of the valve seat during the flow of the substance through the valve, when the valve is open.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for, or method of, packaging a product within a packaging bag, wherein the packaging bag includes an inner liner and an outer liner. The method including the steps of marking the inner liner with a first marking unit, filling the bag with the product, and subsequently marking the outer liner with a second marking unit. The markings may be machine readable and/or randomly generated and stored in a database. The system may further include a machine reader, which is capable of accessing the database, and which is capable of reading the markings on the inner liner and/or the outer liner, to thus determine if an outer liner subsequently removed from an inner liner is/was the same outer liner associated with the same inner liner, at the time when the bag was filled and/or packaged.

Abstract: This invention relates to a valve for use in a pipe used for transporting a substance. The valve includes a rotatable disc, a valve seat, and an actuator. The actuator is adapted to rotate the rotatable disc between a closed position, where the rotatable disc is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, and whereby the edges of the rotatable disc are adapted to seal against the valve seat, thus preventing the flow of the substance through the valve, and an open position, wherein the rotatable disc is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, thus allowing for the flow of the substance through the valve. The valve also includes a protective portion adapted to cover at least a portion of the valve seat during the flow of the substance through the valve, when the valve is open.

Abstract: A method of packaging a product within a bag includes the step of providing for at least one product security element to be present on or within the bag, in a region of where the bag will be sealed. The method also includes the steps of filling the bag with the product, and subsequently sealing the bag, using heat sealing apparatus, whereby the seal thus formed passes through at least a portion of the at least one product security element, thereby permanently heat sealing the product security element to the bag.

Abstract: A method of packaging a product within a bag includes the step of providing for at least one product security element to be present on or within the bag, in a region of where the bag will be sealed. The method also includes the steps of filling the bag with the product, and subsequently sealing the bag, using heat sealing apparatus, whereby the seal thus formed passes through at least a portion of the at least one product security element, thereby permanently heat sealing the product security element to the bag.

Abstract: A washer adapted to minimise contamination by avoiding in use inappropriate crevices. metal annular disc having an annular rebate on at least one face to its outer periphery, and a unitary formation of a flexible medium (e.g. of a food grade rubber) (A) preferably more than filling the or each rebate and (B) surrounding the outer periphery of the disc.