Abstract: A textile includes: (1) a matrix; and (2) particulate fillers dispersed within the matrix. The textile has a transmittance of infrared radiation at a wavelength of 9.5 ?m of at least about 40%, and the textile has a weighted average reflectivity of radiation over a wavelength range of 0.3 ?m to 2 ?m of at least about 40%.

Abstract: In certain examples, methods and semiconductor structures are directed to an apparatus including a photon emitter such as an LED which operates over an emission wavelength range and a photo-voltaic device arranged relative to the photon emitter to provide index-matched optical coupling between the photo-voltaic device and the photon emitter for an emission wavelength range of the photon emitter.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate, at least one type of tuning material, and a composite material. The substrate has an interface surface or material that manifests, in response to light in a color spectrum, a particular color and a first thermal load. The particular color is associated with the first thermal load. The at least one type of tuning material manifests, in response to light in the color spectrum, the particular color and a second thermal load. The particular color is associated with the second thermal load. The first thermal load is different from the second thermal load. The composite material includes the interface surface or material and the at least one type of tuning material. The composite material manifests, in response to light in the color spectrum, the particular color and a tuned thermal load which is different than the first thermal load and the second thermal load.

Abstract: Various aspects as described herein are directed to a radiative cooling device and method for cooling an object. As consistent with one or more embodiments, a radiative cooling device includes a solar spectrum reflecting structure configured and arranged to suppress light modes, and a thermally-emissive structure configured and arranged to facilitate thermally-generated electromagnetic emissions from the object and in mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths.

Abstract: An apparatus for combined digital and optical processing of a cryptocurrency data block includes a digital processor that computes a hash vector from the cryptocurrency data block; a laser and splitter that produces optical input signals; optical modulators that binary phase-shift key modulate the optical input signals based on the hash vector; a photonic matrix multiplier circuit that performs an optically perform a discrete matrix-vector product operation on the modulated optical input signals to produce optical output signals, where the discrete matrix-vector product operation is defined by matrix elements limited to K discrete values, where 2?K?17; and photodetectors and comparators that perform optoelectronic conversions of the optical output signals to produce corresponding digital electronic output signals. The digital processor performs a second hash computation on an XOR result between the digital electronic output signals and the hash vector to produce a proof of work result.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward systems for providing color-selective light detection and/or image sensing in a substantially lossless manner, thereby providing higher and up to nearly perfect optical efficiency. Embodiments disclosed herein include a plurality of pixel-repeat units, each including a color router that is configured to selectively route photons of each wavelength signal in a light signal to a different photodetector of the pixel-repeat unit. In some embodiments, the color router also functions as an anti-reflection coating that mitigates reflection of incident light, as well as a lensing system that directs substantially all photons of each wavelength signal only to their corresponding photodetector. As a result, the photodetectors collect more light than possible using prior-art absorptive color filters, thereby enabling smaller photodetectors to be used. Therefore, scaling of image sensor photodetectors to sub-wavelength sizes is possible.

Abstract: A material may be included in a cooling film or cooling panel to achieve cooling even under direct solar irradiation. The material includes one or more constituent materials and an outer surface configured to interact thermally with the atmosphere and with solar radiation. The material exhibits an emissivity of at least 0.8 in spectral range of 5 ?m to 15 ?m, an ultraviolet reflectivity of at least 0.5 in the spectral range of 275 nm to 375 nm, an ultraviolet absorptivity of at least 0.75 in the spectral range of 275 nm to 375 nm, or a combination thereof. A cooling film, or cooling panel, may be affixed to an exterior surface of a vehicle, structure, or system to provide cooling even under direct solar irradiance.

Abstract: Many embodiments describe a scalable scheme for performing quantum computation in a synthetic time dimension which uses a single coherently controlled atom. Quantum operations applied to the atomic qubit can be teleported onto the photonic qubits via projective measurement, and arbitrary quantum circuits can be compiled into a sequence of these teleported gates. The synthetic time dimension can negate the need for many identical quantum emitters to be integrated into a photonic circuit, and the single atom may provide effective all-to-all connectivity between photonic qubits.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides meta-optical elements and image sensors using a meta-pattern and apparatuses including the image sensors. In an embodiment, an image sensor includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel of the plurality of pixels includes a photoelectric conversion layer including at least one photoelectric conversion element, and a color routing meta-structure layer provided at a position facing the photoelectric conversion layer. The color routing meta-structure layer includes a meta-structure having a symmetrical structure with respect to a center of a corresponding pixel, and a multi-layer structure having a refractive index that varies in a direction perpendicular to a light-incident surface.

Abstract: One or more optical resonators are coupled to an optical waveguide in sequence. Each of the resonators includes a corresponding modulator. A signal controller is configured to electrically drive each modulator with a corresponding composite electrical signal. Each composite electrical signal includes two or more frequency components of a frequency comb defined by the one or more resonators. The result of this configuration is that an input-output relation between an input of the waveguide and an output of the waveguide is a linear transformation defined by the composite electrical signals using frequencies of the frequency comb as a basis. Such linear transformations can be reciprocal or non-reciprocal, unitary or non-unitary.

Abstract: A stacked three-dimensional (3D) metasurface includes a first layer with a first kernel configured to apply a first convolution on a first frequency of an incident polarized light, and a second layer with a second kernel different than the first kernel. The second kernel is configured to apply a second convolution different than the first convolution on a second frequency of the incident polarized light and the second frequency is different than the first frequency such that the stack 3D metasurface provides at least two independent convolutions on the incident polarized light.

Abstract: In certain examples, methods, apparatuses and semiconductor-related structures are directed to nighttime-like electrical power generation by use of a spectro-angular selective emitter as an optimal radiative cooler and a thermoelectric power generator (TEG) having a hot side and a cold side. The cold side may be coupled to the spectro-angular selective emitter which is directed to or facing an atmosphere characterized by an absence of solar light. Power may be generated via the TEG based on energy directed from the spectro-angular selective emitter and by controlling or limiting ability of the spectro-angular selective emitter to absorb heat power at frequencies and/or angles where emission of the atmosphere is dominant.

Abstract: Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) generation and/or recombination in heterojunction devices is suppressed by unconventional doping at or near the heterointerface. The effect of this doping is to shift SRH generation and/or recombination preferentially into the wider band gap material of the heterojunction. This reduces total SRH generation and/or recombination in the device by decreasing the intrinsic carrier concentration ni at locations where most of the SRH generation and/or recombination occurs. The physical basis for this effect is that the SRH generation and/or recombination rate tends to decrease as ni around the depletion region decreases, so decreasing the effective ni in this manner is a way to decrease SRH recombination.

Abstract: A meta-crystal slab includes photonic structure with an input surface and an output surface, and a plurality of first voxels with a first permittivity and a plurality of second voxels with a second permittivity not equal to the first permittivity disposed between the input surface and the output surface. The photonic structure has a periodicity greater than an operating photonic wavelength ‘?’ for general convolution by the photonic structure and the photonic structure is configured to provide an output image with a convolution of an input image.

Abstract: Various aspects as described herein are directed to a radiative cooling device and method for cooling an object. As consistent with one or more embodiments, a radiative cooling device includes a solar spectrum reflecting structure configured and arranged to suppress light modes, and a thermally-emissive structure configured and arranged to facilitate thermally-generated electromagnetic emissions from the object and in mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths.

Abstract: In certain examples, methods and semiconductor structures are directed to an apparatus including source circuitry configured to provide power to other circuitry, with the source circuitry including amplification circuitry (e.g., with a power-switching output) and a source resonator. The amplification circuitry is to provide power to the source resonator with a gain that is dependent on a coupling rate between the source circuitry and other external-receiving circuitry. The source circuitry is also to offset phase delay caused by the amplifier. In operation, the source resonator generates a magnetic field in response to the power, for highly-efficient wirelessly transfer of the power to the other circuitry.

Abstract: Improved training of optical neural networks is provided. In one example: 1) we choose input and target vectors, we program those into an input vector generator and a measurement unit, respectively, we turn on the optical input source power, and we monitor the electrical signal representing the cost function. 2) we can then modulate two or more controllable elements inside the optical network at different frequencies and look for the size and sign of the corresponding distinct AC variations in the measured cost function, simultaneously giving us the gradients with respect to each element.

Abstract: Systems and methods for activation in an optical circuit in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes an optical activation circuit, wherein the circuit comprises a directional coupler, an optical-to-electrical conversion circuit, a time delay element, a nonlinear signal conditioner, and a phase shifter. The directional coupler receives an optical input and provides a first portion to the optical-to-electrical conversion circuit and a second portion to the time delay element, the time delay element provides a delayed signal to the phase shifter, and the optical-to-electrical conversion circuit converts an optical signal from the directional coupler to an electrical signal used to activate the phase shifter to shift the phase of the delayed signal.

Abstract: A material may be included in a cooling film or cooling panel to achieve cooling even under direct solar irradiation. The material includes one or more constituent materials and an outer surface configured to interact thermally with the atmosphere and with solar radiation. The material exhibits an emissivity of at least 0.8 in spectral range of 5 ?m to 15 ?m, an ultraviolet reflectivity of at least 0.5 in the spectral range of 275 nm to 375 nm, an ultraviolet absorptivity of at least 0.75 in the spectral range of 275 nm to 375 nm, or a combination thereof. A cooling film, or cooling panel, may be affixed to an exterior surface of a vehicle, structure, or system to provide cooling even under direct solar irradiance.

Abstract: Various aspects as described herein are directed to a radiative cooling device and method for cooling an object. As consistent with one or more embodiments, a radiative cooling device includes a solar spectrum reflecting structure configured and arranged to suppress light modes, and a thermally-emissive structure configured and arranged to facilitate thermally-generated electromagnetic emissions from the object and in mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths.