Abstract: A method for determining a complete icon includes: acquiring an image, and delineating determination regions in a peripheral region of the image; scanning and counting a number of pixels of a first color corresponding to an icon in the whole image and a number of pixels of a second color corresponding to an auxiliary identifier in each determination region; determining, if the number of pixels of the first color is less than or equal to a first threshold, or the number of pixels of the second color in one or more determination regions is less than or equal to a second threshold, that the icon is incomplete; and determining, if the number of pixels of the first color is greater than the first threshold, and the number of pixels of the second color in each of the determination regions is greater than the second threshold, that the icon is complete.

Abstract: The present application provides a device and method for determining formation resistivity outside casing. The device measures the electrical signal of alternating current flowing along the casing, and then calculates phase velocity, group velocity, time difference, amplitude attenuation, and phase difference of the alternating current along the casing. Using these relationships between phase velocity, group velocity, time differences, amplitude attenuation, and phase difference, the formation resistivity outside the casing is calculated.

Abstract: The present application provides a device and method for determining formation resistivity outside casing. The device measures the electrical signal of alternating current flowing along the casing, and then calculates phase velocity, group velocity, time difference, amplitude attenuation, and phase difference of the alternating current along the casing. Using these relationships between phase velocity, group velocity, time differences, amplitude attenuation, and phase difference, the formation resistivity outside the casing is calculated.

Abstract: An active control method for filtered reference affine projection sign algorithm based on variable step size includes: S1, acquiring impulse noise signals and transmitting the signals to control filters; S2, transmitting the impulse noise signals by the control filters to post filters; S3, generating cancellation signals of the impulse noise signals by the post filters according to the impulse noise signals and internal active control algorithms, and transmitting the cancellation signals to a speaker; S4, sending out the cancellation signal by the speaker to superimpose with the impulse noise signals to cancel the impulse noise signal.

Abstract: An active control method for filtered reference affine projection sign algorithm based on variable step size includes: S1, acquiring impulse noise signals and transmitting the signals to control filters; S2, transmitting the impulse noise signals by the control filters to post filters; S3, generating cancellation signals of the impulse noise signals by the post filters according to the impulse noise signals and internal active control algorithms, and transmitting the cancellation signals to a speaker; S4, sending out the cancellation signal by the speaker to superimpose with the impulse noise signals to cancel the impulse noise signal.

Abstract: A method and system for networking of spliced building blocks, and the spliced building blocks applicable to wireless networking are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methodology and system for determining formation resistivity beyond a casing. Using devices to generate, direct, and measure electric signals, the travel speed, travel time, attenuation and phase shift of an electric signal traveling through the casing can be measured. Applying a relationship between the travel speed or travel time of an electric signal and the formation resistivity beyond a casing, it is then possible to determine the formation resistivity beyond a casing by measuring the travel speed or travel time or phase shift or attenuation of an electric signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methodology and system for determining formation resistivity beyond a casing. Using devices to generate, direct, and measure electric signals, the travel speed, travel time, attenuation and phase shift of an electric signal traveling through the casing can be measured. Applying a relationship between the travel speed or travel time of an electric signal and the formation resistivity beyond a casing, it is then possible to determine the formation resistivity beyond a casing by measuring the travel speed or travel time or phase shift or attenuation of an electric signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methodology and system for formation boundary detection ahead and around of a drilling bit. By setting symmetrical design of receivers/transmitters around a transmitter/receiver and the direction of the receivers/transmitters, the system can measure the signals reflected by a formation boundary ahead of and around the drilling bit. The measured signals can be used to determine formation boundary positions.

Abstract: Improved algorithm for estimating anisotropic formation resistivity profile using a multi-component induction tool are disclosed. A method for estimating anisotropic formation resistivity profile of a formation comprises obtaining borehole corrected log data and determining at an azimuth angle of the formation. One or more formation bed boundaries are located and initial formation properties are calculated. One of a plurality of inversion windows is sequentially selected and a one-dimensional inversion of each of the sequentially selected one of the plurality of inversion windows is performed.

Abstract: A system and method for improving the accuracy of galvanic tool measurements is described. The system (300) may include a survey electrode (A0) and a first monitor electrode (M1?) positioned above the survey electrode. A second monitor electrode (M1) may be positioned below the survey electrode, and a first conductive wire (307) may couple the first monitor electrode to the second monitor electrode. A first measurement point (302) may be located on the conductive wire, and a first resistive element (Rm1) may be coupled to the conductive wire.

Abstract: Various embodiments include apparatus and methods to make resistivity measurements in a borehole using tool having an array of electrodes operable to provide focused currents, measure corresponding voltages, and measure corresponding voltage differences to determine resistivity. Tools can be configured to operate at a plurality of modes when voltage differences at some frequencies are effectively unreadable. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methodology and system for formation boundary detection ahead and around of a drilling bit. By setting symmetrical design of receivers/transmitters around a transmitter/receiver and the direction of the receivers/transmitters, the system can measure the signals reflected by a formation boundary ahead of and around the drilling bit. The measured signals can be used to determine formation boundary positions.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods and apparatus structured to balance electrode pairs (112, 312) of a tool (105, 305) providing voltage equivalence between the electrode pairs. An electrically conductive wire (113, 313) coupling the electrodes of an electrode pair can be arranged such that resistance of the electrically conductive wire does not adversely affect the voltage equivalence. The electrically conductive wire can also be structured to provide temperature independent balancing by arranging the electrically conductive wire with respect to a measuring node (116, 316). Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Various embodiments include apparatus and methods of processing and geosteering with respect to well logging. Apparatus and methods may include acquiring signals generated from operating a tool rotating in a borehole of a well, where the tool includes a receiver antenna tilted with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool and two transmitter antennas. The acquired signals can be processed with respect to a direction in the rotation of the tool to determine properties associated with a formation and/or to determine a geosignal for geosteering a drilling operation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for characterizing a formation are disclosed. A tool is placed in the formation. The tool comprises a perpendicular antenna set and a parallel antenna set. The perpendicular antenna set comprises at least one transmitter antenna oriented perpendicular to at least one receiver antenna and the parallel antenna set comprises at least one transmitter antenna oriented parallel to at least one receiver antenna. Data is obtained from the tool and used to determine a compensated geosignal for each of the perpendicular antenna set and the parallel antenna set. The determined compensated geosignal is used to characterize the formation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for simultaneously obtaining quantitative measurements of vertical and horizontal resistivity and permittivity formation parameters by firing, using at least one transmitter in each of a horizontally and vertically polarized array on opposite sides of a drill collar, signals in the direction of a downhole formation, the fired signals from the transmitters in the arrays being fired simultaneously and engaging the downhole formation. The apparatus and method continues by receiving, using at least one receiver in each of the arrays, signals associated with the fired signals after the fired signals have engaged the downhole formation, where the received signals represent apparent formation data. The apparatus and method further involves determining, using the measured apparent formation data, the true formation data including one or more vertical and horizontal formation parameters.

Abstract: Multi-array laterolog tool systems and methods acquire a set of array measurements sufficient to provide laterolog tool measurements of differing array sizes. Such systems and method offer multiple depths of investigation while offering greater measurement stability in borehole environments having high resistivity contrasts. In at least some system embodiments, a wireline or LWD tool body has a center electrode positioned between multiple pairs of guard electrodes and a pair of return electrodes. The tool's electronics provide a current from the center electrode to the pair of return electrodes and currents from each pair of guard electrodes to the pair of return electrodes. Each of the currents may be distinguishable by frequency or distinguishable by some other means. This novel arrangement of currents provides a complete set of measurements that enables one tool to simultaneously emulate a whole range of laterolog tools.

Abstract: Various embodiments include apparatus and methods of operation with respect to well logging. Apparatus and methods include a tool having an arrangement of transmitters and receivers that are operated at different positions downhole and a processing unit to process collected signals such that the arrangement of transmitters and receivers provides measurements that mimic operation of a different arrangement of transmitters and receivers. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.