Abstract: The present invention discloses an assembled bamboo sleeper, which is obtained by using a bamboo unit as a raw material, dried and modified at the temperature of 110-180° C., undergone coating treatment using a dopamine solution, adhesive dipping, curing and solidifying, assembling and gluing, further solidifying, further treatment using a dopamine solution, and anti-mildew and/or anti-corrosion and/or anti-insect treatment, and then fastened. The present invention further provides a preparation method for the foregoing bamboo sleeper. The bamboo sleeper prepared in the present invention is green and environmentally friendly, and applicable for ballasted tracks of railways and urban rail transit systems.

Abstract: Systems and/or techniques for facilitating image forgery detection via pixel-metadata consistency analysis are provided. In various embodiments, a system can receive an electronic image from a client device. In various cases, the system can obtain a pixel vector and/or an image metadata vector that correspond to the electronic image. In various aspects, the system can determine whether the electronic image is authentic or forged, based on analyzing the pixel vector and the image metadata vector via at least one machine learning model.

Abstract: Systems and/or techniques for facilitating image forgery detection via headpose estimation may include a system that can receive a document from a client device. The system can identify, by executing a first trained machine learning model, an object that is depicted in the document. The system can determine, by executing a second trained machine learning model, a pose of the object. The system can determine, by executing a third trained machine learning model, whether the document is authentic or forged based on the pose of the object. The system can, in response to determining that the document is forged, transmit an unsuccessful validation message to the client device.

Abstract: Systems and/or techniques for facilitating image forgery detection via headpose estimation may include a system that can receive a document from a client device. The system can identify, by executing a first trained machine learning model, an object that is depicted in the document. The system can determine, by executing a second trained machine learning model, a pose of the object. The system can determine, by executing a third trained machine learning model, whether the document is authentic or forged based on the pose of the object. The system can, in response to determining that the document is forged, transmit an unsuccessful validation message to the client device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for signed document image analysis and fraud detection. An image of a document may be received from a user's device. A first layer of a machine learning engine is used to identify a signature and a name of the user within different areas of the received image. A second layer of the machine learning engine is used to extract a plurality of features from the different areas of the image. The plurality of features includes at least one visual feature representing the signature and at least one textual feature representing the name. A combined feature representation of the signature and the name is generated based on the plurality of features extracted from the image. A third layer of the machine learning engine is used to determine whether the signature of the user has been digitally altered, based on the combined feature representation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for user-agent anomaly detection are disclosed. In one embodiment, a user-agent string may be embedded into a numerical data vector representation using a sentence embedding algorithm (e.g., FastText). A predictive score may be calculated based on the numerical data vector representation and using a probability distribution function model that models a likelihood of occurrence of the observed user-agent based on patterns learned from historic payload data (e.g., a Gaussian Mixture Model). The predictive score may be compared to a threshold and, based on the comparison, it may be determined whether the user-agent is fraudulent.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for detecting a boundary of a document within a digital image. Upon receiving an image, the image is converted into a binary image. One or more kernel-based transformations are performed on the binary image using a horizontal kernel and a vertical kernel. A plurality of edges are identified based on the one or more kernel-based transformations. The plurality of edges includes a plurality of horizontal edges and a plurality of vertical edges. Multiple quadrilaterals are constructed using different combinations of horizontal edges and vertical edges from the plurality of edges. A particular quadrilateral is selected from the multiple quadrilaterals based on how well the edges fit the perimeters of the quadrilaterals. The selected quadrilateral is used to define a boundary of the document within the digital image.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for detecting a boundary of a document within a digital image. Upon receiving an image, the image is converted into a binary image. One or more kernel-based transformations are performed on the binary image using a horizontal kernel and a vertical kernel. A plurality of edges are identified based on the one or more kernel-based transformations. The plurality of edges includes a plurality of horizontal edges and a plurality of vertical edges. Multiple quadrilaterals are constructed using different combinations of horizontal edges and vertical edges from the plurality of edges. A particular quadrilateral is selected from the multiple quadrilaterals based on how well the edges fit the perimeters of the quadrilaterals. The selected quadrilateral is used to define a boundary of the document within the digital image.

Abstract: Systems and/or techniques for facilitating image forgery detection via pixel-metadata consistency analysis are provided. In various embodiments, a system can receive an electronic image from a client device. In various cases, the system can obtain a pixel vector and/or an image metadata vector that correspond to the electronic image. In various aspects, the system can determine whether the electronic image is authentic or forged, based on analyzing the pixel vector and the image metadata vector via at least one machine learning model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for user-agent anomaly detection are disclosed. In one embodiment, a user-agent string may be embedded into a numerical data vector representation using a sentence embedding algorithm (e.g., FastText). A predictive score may be calculated based on the numerical data vector representation and using a probability distribution function model that models a likelihood of occurrence of the observed user-agent based on patterns learned from historic payload data (e.g., a Gaussian Mixture Model). The predictive score may be compared to a threshold and, based on the comparison, it may be determined whether the user-agent is fraudulent.

Abstract: Systems and/or techniques for facilitating image forgery detection via headpose estimation are provided. In various embodiments, a system can receive a document from a client device. In various cases, the system can identify, by executing a first trained machine learning model, an object that is depicted in the document. In various instances, the system can determine, by executing a second trained machine learning model, a pose of the object. In various aspects, the system can determine, by executing a third trained machine learning model, whether the document is authentic or forged based on the pose of the object. In various embodiments, the system can, in response to determining that the document is forged, transmit an unsuccessful validation message to the client device.