Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an isocyanate electrolyte solution additive based on an imidazole structural group, belonging to the technical field of non-aqueous electrolyte solution additives of lithium batteries. The structural formula of the electrolyte solution additive is represented by formula I: R1, R2 and R3 are identical or different, the R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from one of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, cyanoethyl, phenyl, fluorophenyl, cyano-containing fluorophenyl, alkoxy-containing phenyl and alkyl-containing phenyl. The electrolyte solution additive is used for lithium ion batteries, which effectively inhibits the reduction in battery capacity, restricts the production of a gas caused by decomposition of an electrolyte solution and significant improvement in the service life of the battery during the high temperature cycle and high temperature storage.