Abstract: A flow-through substrate comprising a sulfur-containing compound distributed throughout the flow-through substrate structure. The flow-through substrate may be used, for example, in the removal of a heavy metal from a fluid such as a gas stream.

Abstract: A coated flow-through substrate comprising a flow-through substrate and a sulfur-containing compound disposed as a coating on the flow-through substrate. The coated flow-through substrate may be used, for example, in the removal of a heavy metal from a fluid such as a gas stream.

Abstract: Methods of disposing of sorbent bodies comprising at least one toxic element which is substantially prevented from leaching into the surrounding environment are disclosed. The at least one toxic element which is prevented from leaching into the surrounding environment may include, for example, mercury, selenium, or both. The methods of disposing of said sorbent bodies may include, for example, depositing the sorbent bodies in a landfill. Landfill-disposable sorbent bodies which are configured to substantially prevent leaching into the surrounding environment of at least one toxic element are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a chemical composition that can be used to clean, etch and dissolve single crystals of the Group IIA metal fluorides (the fluorides of magnesium, calcium, barium and strontium). The composition according to the invention is an aqueous solution of a mineral acid and a fluoride ion sequestering agent. The invention is further directed to a method of making Group IIA metal fluoride single crystals using seed crystals that has been cleaned and/or etched using the composition of the invention.