Abstract: A gene PpHSP21 with black spot disease resistance is isolated from Pyrus pyrifolia. A nucleotide sequence of the gene PpHSP21 is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1. An amino acid sequence of an encoded protein of the PpHSP21 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO. 2. By constructing the plant overexpression vector and silencing vector of the gene PpHSP21, the gene PpHSP21 is introduced into the plant by the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method, so that the gene PpHSP21 is able to be overexpressed in the plants, thereby significantly improving black spot disease resistance in plants. The discovery and identification of the gene PpHSP21 provide new genetic resources for stress resistance molecular design and breeding in plants, and to provide new genetic resources for the implementation of green agriculture. The development and utilization of the genetic resources is conducive to reducing agricultural production costs and achieving environmental friendliness.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a protein for promoting the growth of a pollen tube and a gene PbrTTS1 encoding the protein. The amino acid sequence of the protein is shown in SEQ ID No: 1. The nucleotide sequence of the gene PbrTTS1 encoding the protein is shown in SEQ ID No: 2. Other embodiments of the disclosure provide a primer for amplifying the gene PbrTTS1 encoding the protein. The primer includes a forward primer and a reverse primer. The nucleotide sequence of the forward primer is shown in SEQ ID No: 3, and the nucleotide sequence of the reverse primer is shown in SEQ ID No: 4.

Abstract: A gene PpHSP21 with black spot disease resistance is isolated from Pyrus pyrifolia. A nucleotide sequence of the gene PpHSP21 is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1. An amino acid sequence of an encoded protein of the PpHSP21 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO. 2. By constructing the plant overexpression vector and silencing vector of the gene PpHSP21, the gene PpHSP21 is introduced into the plant by the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method, so that the gene PpHSP21 is able to be overexpressed in the plants, thereby significantly improving black spot disease resistance in plants. The discovery and identification of the gene PpHSP21 provide new genetic resources for stress resistance molecular design and breeding in plants, and to provide new genetic resources for the implementation of green agriculture. The development and utilization of the genetic resources is conducive to reducing agricultural production costs and achieving environmental friendliness.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a protein of ‘Dangshan Suli’ for promoting the growth of a pollen tube and an encoding gene PbrTTS1. An amino acid sequence of the protein is shown in SEQ ID No.1 of the Sequence Listing. A nucleotide sequence of the encoding gene PbrTTS1 is shown in SEQ ID No.2 of the Sequence Listing. Other embodiments of the disclosure provide a primer for amplifying the encoding gene PbrTTS1. The primer includes a forward primer and a reverse primer. The nucleotide sequence of the forward primer is shown in SEQ ID No. 3 of the Sequence Listing, and the nucleotide sequence of the reverse primer is shown in SEQ ID No. 4 of the Sequence Listing.

Abstract: A method for producing porous particles includes (1) a step of preparing a solution of an amphiphilic substance by dissolving the amphiphilic substance in a mixed solvent capable of being freeze-dried, (2) a step of producing a precipitate containing the amphiphilic substance by cooling the solution obtained in step (1) to a temperature equal to or less than a phase separation temperature of the solution, and thereafter holding the solution at the temperature, and (3) a step of producing porous particles by freeze-drying the solution containing the precipitate obtained in the step (2).

Abstract: A method for producing porous particles includes (1) a step of preparing a solution of an amphiphilic substance by dissolving the amphiphilic substance in a mixed solvent capable of being freeze-dried, (2) a step of producing a precipitate containing the amphiphilic substance by cooling the solution obtained in step (1) to a temperature equal to or less than a phase separation temperature of the solution, and thereafter holding the solution at the temperature, and (3) a step of producing porous particles by freeze-drying the solution containing the precipitate obtained in the step (2).

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to the mitigation of multi-path interference from quasi-single-mode fiber using hybrid span configuration and digital signal processing wherein a hybrid span of quasi-single mode fibers and single-mode fibers are used to configure the hybrid span. Additional aspects are directed to introducing a low-baud rate sub-banding signal to reduce the number of DD-LMS taps required when compensating the multi-path interference as the low-baud rate signal requires fewer taps to cover a given range of MPI as compared to a high-baud rate signal. Finally further aspects are directed to an ALMS equalizer which further reduces the number of equalizer taps by shifting its center tap towards the right if higher-order modes transmit slower than a fundamental mode, otherwise the center tap is shifted to the left.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to the mitigation of multi-path interference from quasi-single-mode fiber using hybrid span configuration and digital signal processing wherein a hybrid span of quasi-single mode fibers and single-mode fibers are used to configure the hybrid span. Additional aspects are directed to introducing a low-baud rate sub-banding signal to reduce the number of DD-LMS taps required when compensating the multi-path interference as the low-baud rate signal requires fewer taps to cover a given range of MPI as compared to a high-baud rate signal. Finally further aspects are directed to an ALMS equalizer which further reduces the number of equalizer taps by shifting its center tap towards the right if higher-order modes transmit slower than a fundamental mode, otherwise the center tap is shifted to the left.

Abstract: Methods and systems for normalized least mean square phase estimation are shown that include receiving optical transmissions that include a modulated signal, determining a step size based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a laser linewidth that provides a balance between convergence speed and precision, estimating phase error using the determined step size, derotating the modulated signal to remove the estimated phase error, and demodulating the derotated signal to produce a bitstream.

Abstract: Methods and systems for normalized least mean square phase estimation are shown that include receiving optical transmissions that include a modulated signal, determining a step size based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a laser linewidth that provides a balance between convergence speed and precision, estimating phase error using the determined step size, derotating the modulated signal to remove the estimated phase error, and demodulating the derotated signal to produce a bitstream.