Abstract: Methods herein disclosed include methods of producing a nanoporous membrane by coating a planar substrate (204) with a solution (solution tank 201) containing a reactive metal adatom. The coated planar substrate can then be perforated by initiating a redox reaction between the reactive metal adatom and the planar substrate that causes the reactive metal adatom to remove material, forming nanoscale pores in the planar substrate that result in a nanoporous planar material. This nanoporous planar material can be formed into a nanoporous membrane.

Abstract: Graphene production methods are described based on subjecting non-covalent graphite intercalated compounds, such as graphite bisulfate, to expansion conditions such as shocks of heat and/or microwaves followed by turbulence-assisted exfoliation to produce few-layer, high quality graphene flakes. Depending on the approach selected for the exfoliation step, free-flowing graphene powder, graphene slurry, or an aqueous graphene mixture can be obtained. Surfactants can aid in dispersion, and graphene inks can be formed. The parameters of the process are simple, efficient and low-cost enabling therefore the scale-up of production. Applications include electrodes and energy storage devices.

Abstract: Graphene production methods are described based on subjecting non-covalent graphite intercalated compounds, such as graphite bisulfate, to expansion conditions such as shocks of heat and/or microwaves followed by turbulence-assisted exfoliation to produce few-layer, high quality graphene flakes. Depending on the approach selected for the exfoliation step, free-flowing graphene powder, graphene slurry, or an aqueous graphene mixture can be obtained. Surfactants can aid in dispersion, and graphene inks can be formed. The parameters of the process are simple, efficient and low-cost enabling therefore the scale-up of production. Applications include electrodes and energy storage devices.

Abstract: There is provided a method for fabricating a three dimensional graphene structure using a catalyst template, in which the three dimensional graphene structure in various forms can be obtained through a simple process by using a metal catalyst in various forms as a template and growing graphene thereon. There is also provided a method for controlling length of a three dimensional graphene structure to be from a few nanometers to a few millimeters by controlling length of the metal catalyst template.

Abstract: There is provided a method for fabricating a three dimensional graphene structure using a catalyst template, in which the three dimensional graphene structure in various forms can be obtained through a simple process by using a metal catalyst in various forms as a template and growing graphene thereon. There is also provided a method for controlling length of a three dimensional graphene structure to be from a few nanometers to a few millimeters by controlling length of the metal catalyst template.