Abstract: A method of producing a material. The material is produced by the steps of: providing a geopolymer mixture or solution comprising an aluminosilicate and an alkali material; allowing the geopolymer mixture or solution to partially set to form an at least partially set geopolymer including pore spaces; and exposing the at least partially set geopolymer to a metal silicate solution or mixture containing a metal silicate to allow the metal silicate to enter the pore spaces and react to form additional material within the pore spaces. The material may be used in well-cementing and as an abandonment plug.

Abstract: A method of carbonating cement powder and use thereof. An amount of water is supplied to an initial cementitious powder to create a moistened cementitious powder. Carbon dioxide is supplied to the moistened cementitious powder, while mechanically stirring the moistened cementitious powder, to cause a reaction of the carbon dioxide with the moistened cementitious powder to produce a carbonated cementitious material. The carbonated cementitious material is dried and ground to produce a carbonated cementitious powder. The carbonated cementitious powder may be combined with ordinary cement and various ingredients or additives, such as retarders, accelerators and extenders for use in well cementing applications. Methods for cementing casing, liners and remedial operations such as plugging back, and squeeze cementing are also provided. Methods for producing a low alkaline cement suitable for high CO2 gas wells are also provided. Methods to achieve a stable retarded cement used in higher temperatures are provided.

Abstract: Breakers for gelling agents are disclosed, for example pyromellitamide gelling agents. The breakers include sulfonic acids in one example.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, and a pyromellitamide gelling agent. The pyromellitamide gelling agent may have the general formula of: with R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 each being a hydrogen or an organic group. R1, R2, R3 and R4 may each be hexyl groups or may each be octyl groups. A composition for gelling a downhole fluid, the composition comprising a pyromellitamide gelling agent and a wetting agent.

Abstract: A pyromellitamide or benzamide, previously disclosed for use as a gelling agent in a downhole fluid, is added to a hydrocarbon fluid for use as a friction reducing agent, for example in a motor or pipeline. An example pyromellitamide friction reducing agent may have the general formula of: with R1, R2, R3, and R4 each being an organic group. A further use as a viscosity reducing agent in diluted bitumen is also disclosed.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, and a gelling agent. The gelling agent has an aromatic core of one or more aromatic rings, the gelling agent having two or more amide branches distributed about the aromatic core, each of the two or more amide branches having one or more organic groups. An example gelling agent is a pyromellitamide gelling agent. The pyromellitamide gelling agent may have the general formula of: with R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 each being a hydrogen or an organic group. Methods of use and composition are discussed.

Abstract: Breakers for gelling agents are disclosed, for example pyromellitamide gelling agents. The breakers include sulfonic acids in one example.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, a gelling agent, and a gel enhancer. The gelling agent has an aromatic core of one or more aromatic rings, the gelling agent having two or more amide branches distributed about the aromatic core, each of the two or more amide branches having one or more organic groups. An example gelling agent is a pyromellitamide gelling agent. A method of making a downhole fluid, the method comprising: combining a base fluid, a gelling agent, and a gel enhancer. A downhole fluid comprising a base fluid, a gelling agent, a breaker, and a gel enhancer. Downhole fluids with such gels and a breaker are also disclosed.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, and a pyromellitamide gelling agent. The pyromellitamide gelling agent may have the general formula of: with R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 each being a hydrogen or an organic group. R1, R2, R3 and R4 may each be hexyl groups or may each be octyl groups. A composition for gelling a downhole fluid, the composition comprising a pyromellitamide gelling agent and a wetting agent.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, and a gelling agent. The gelling agent has an aromatic core of one or more aromatic rings, the gelling agent having two or more amide branches distributed about the aromatic core, each of the two or more amide branches having one or more organic groups. An example gelling agent is a pyromellitamide gelling agent. The pyromellitamide gelling agent may have the general formula of: with R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 each being a hydrogen or an organic group. Methods of use and composition are discussed.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, and a pyromellitamide gelling agent. The pyromellitamide gelling agent may have the general formula of: with R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 each being a hydrogen or an organic group. A method comprises introducing the downhole fluid into a downhole formation. A method of making a downhole fluid, the method comprising: combining a base fluid and a pyromellitamide gelling agent. A composition for gelling a downhole fluid, the composition comprising a pyromellitamide gelling agent and a wetting agent.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, and a gelling agent. The gelling agent has an aromatic core of one or more aromatic rings, the gelling agent having two or more amide branches distributed about the aromatic core, each of the two or more amide branches having one or more organic groups. An example gelling agent is a pyromellitamide gelling agent. The pyromellitamide gelling agent may have the general formula of: with R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 each being a hydrogen or an organic group. Methods of use and composition are discussed.

Abstract: A fracturing fluid for a downhole environment is disclosed, comprising a water-sensitive gel; and a hydrated breaker. A fracturing fluid for a downhole environment is also disclosed, the fracturing fluid comprising a water-sensitive carrier and a breaker, the breaker comprising one or more hydrates, and wherein water of the one or more hydrates is releasable so as to act with the water-sensitive carrier to reduce the viscosity of the fluid. A method of treating a downhole environment with a fracturing fluid is also disclosed, the method comprising: providing to the downhole environment a fluid comprising a water-sensitive carrier and a breaker, the breaker comprising one or more hydrates; and allowing water from the one or more hydrates to release so as to act with the carrier to reduce the viscosity of the fluid.

Abstract: A gelling agent for a hydrocarbon fracturing fluid is disclosed, comprising the general formula of: in which X is an OR1, NR1R2, or SR1 group, R1 is an organic group having 2-24 carbon atoms, and R2 is an organic group or a hydrogen. Y is an NR3R4 or SR3 group, R3 is an organic group having 2-24 carbon atoms, and R4 is an organic group or a hydrogen. A method of making a gelling agent for a hydrocarbon fracturing fluid is also disclosed. Phosphorus oxyhalide is reacted with a chemical reagent to produce substantially only diester phosphorus oxyhalide, the chemical reagent comprising at least one of an organic alcohol having 2-24 carbon atoms, an organic amine with an organic group having 2-24 carbon atoms, and an organic sulfide having 2-24 carbon atoms. The diester phosphorus oxyhalide is then hydrolyzed to produce diester phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, and a gelling agent. The gelling agent has an aromatic core of one or more aromatic rings, the gelling agent having two or more amide branches distributed about the aromatic core, each of the two or more amide branches having one or more organic groups. An example gelling agent is a pyromellitamide gelling agent. The pyromellitamide gelling agent may have the general formula of: with R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 each being a hydrogen or an organic group. Methods of use and composition are discussed.

Abstract: A downhole fluid comprises a base fluid, for example a hydrocarbon base fluid, a gelling agent, and a gel enhancer. The gelling agent has an aromatic core of one or more aromatic rings, the gelling agent having two or more amide branches distributed about the aromatic core, each of the two or more amide branches having one or more organic groups. An example gelling agent is a pyromellitamide gelling agent. A method of making a downhole fluid, the method comprising: combining a base fluid, a gelling agent, and a gel enhancer. A downhole fluid comprising a base fluid, a gelling agent, a breaker, and a gel enhancer. Downhole fluids with such gels and a breaker are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fracturing system for a well, in which a stream of LPG, a mixture of propane and butane, is injected into the well at frac pressure. Proppant is supplied into the LPG stream, and carried by the LPG mix into the formation. Inert gas such as nitrogen is used for purging system components of LPG, and to help protect against risk of explosion. Nitrogen may also be added to the LPG mix during a frac of shale gas or coal gas formations.

Abstract: A fracturing system for a well, in which a stream of LPG, a mixture of propane and butane, is injected into the well at frac pressure. Proppant is supplied into the LPG stream, and carried by the LPG mix into the formation. Inert gas such as nitrogen is used for purging system components of LPG, and to help protect against risk of explosion. Nitrogen may also be added to the LPG mix during a frac of shale gas or coal gas formations.

Abstract: A fracturing fluid for a downhole environment is disclosed, comprising a water-sensitive gel; and a hydrated breaker. A fracturing fluid for a downhole environment is also disclosed, the fracturing fluid comprising a water-sensitive carrier and a breaker, the breaker comprising one or more hydrates, and wherein water of the one or more hydrates is releasable so as to act with the water-sensitive carrier to reduce the viscosity of the fluid. A method of treating a downhole environment with a fracturing fluid is also disclosed, the method comprising: providing to the downhole environment a fluid comprising a water-sensitive carrier and a breaker, the breaker comprising one or more hydrates; and allowing water from the one or more hydrates to release so as to act with the carrier to reduce the viscosity of the fluid.

Abstract: A method of processing liquefied petroleum gas used in a treatment fluid previously injected into a hydrocarbon reservoir is disclosed, the method comprising: recovering at least a portion of the treatment fluid from the hydrocarbon reservoir to produce recovered treatment fluid; and separating liquefied petroleum gas in the form of a gas or liquid from the recovered treatment fluid using a separator. An apparatus for processing liquefied petroleum gas used in a treatment fluid previously injected into a hydrocarbon reservoir is also disclosed, the apparatus comprising: a separator; a recovery line for recovering treatment fluid from the hydrocarbon reservoir, the recovery line connected to supply recovered treatment fluid to the separator, the separator being to separate a liquefied petroleum gas portion in gas or liquid form from the recovered treatment fluid.