Abstract: A stationary hybrid battery back-up system incorporates two different battery units that differ in terms of recharging efficiency, cycle life, power capability, depth of discharge threshold, temperature threshold, internal impedance threshold, charger rate efficiency and/or stand-by efficiency. The battery back-up system of the present invention comprises an auxiliary power supply that can be used to charge the first and second batteries and/or provide power to a load. When the operating voltage of the system drops, due to a power failure of a power source, the control system may couple the first and/or second battery unit to a load. The control system may have voltage threshold limits wherein it engages the first and second battery units to support the load demand. The first and second battery units may be charge by the auxiliary power supply when the operating voltage is above a threshold level.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.

Abstract: A stationary hybrid battery back-up system incorporates two different battery units that differ in terms of recharging efficiency, cycle life, power capability, depth of discharge threshold, temperature threshold, internal impedance threshold, charger rate efficiency and/or stand-by efficiency. The battery back-up system of the present invention comprises an auxiliary power supply that can be used to charge the first and second batteries and/or provide power to a load. When the operating voltage of the system drops, due to a power failure of a power source, the control system may couple the first and/or second battery unit to a load. The control system may have voltage threshold limits wherein it engages the first and second battery units to support the load demand. The first and second battery units may be charge by the auxiliary power supply when the operating voltage is above a threshold level.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.

Abstract: A stationary hybrid battery back-up system incorporates two different battery units that differ in terms of recharging efficiency, cycle life, power capability, depth of discharge threshold, temperature threshold, internal impedance threshold, charger rate efficiency and/or stand-by efficiency. The battery back-up system of the present invention comprises an auxiliary power supply that can be used to charge the first and second batteries and/or provide power to a load. When the operating voltage of the system drops, due to a power failure of a power source, the control system may couple the first and/or second battery unit to a load. The control system may have voltage threshold limits wherein it engages the first and second battery units to support the load demand. The first and second battery units may be charge by the auxiliary power supply when the operating voltage is above a threshold level.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.

Abstract: A system and methods for managing water content in one or more electrochemical cell is disclosed. The system includes a gas-phase conduit for receiving humid gas-phase associated with the electrochemical cell, a desiccator unit connected to each electrochemical cell and configured for extracting water from the humid gas-phase, a heater for selectively heating the desiccator unit, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubber connected to the desiccator unit. The system may capture water vapor at the desiccator unit from a humid gas-phase exiting electrochemical cell, or release water vapor in desiccator unit, via actuation of heater, that is transported into the electrochemical cell depending on the mode of operation. The CO2 scrubber may also be used to capture water vapor, based on the mode of operation.

Abstract: A system and methods for managing water content in one or more electrochemical cell is disclosed. The system includes a gas-phase conduit for receiving humid gas-phase associated with the electrochemical cell, a desiccator unit connected to each electrochemical cell and configured for extracting water from the humid gas-phase, a heater for selectively heating the desiccator unit, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubber connected to the desiccator unit. The system may capture water vapor at the desiccator unit from a humid gas-phase exiting electrochemical cell, or release water vapor in desiccator unit, via actuation of heater, that is transported into the electrochemical cell depending on the mode of operation. The CO2 scrubber may also be used to capture water vapor, based on the mode of operation.

Abstract: A method and battery system for assigning a plurality of addresses to a plurality of battery nodes in a battery system. An addressing power supply for outputting an addressing power signal in sequence to a plurality of battery nodes 1 to N connected in series and each coupled to at least one battery.

Abstract: A system and methods for managing water content in one or more electrochemical cell is disclosed. The system includes a gas-phase conduit for receiving humid gas-phase associated with the electrochemical cell, a desiccator unit connected to each electrochemical cell and configured for extracting water from the humid gas-phase, a heater for selectively heating the desiccator unit, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubber connected to the desiccator unit. The system may capture water vapor at the desiccator unit from a humid gas-phase exiting electrochemical cell, or release water vapor in desiccator unit, via actuation of heater, that is transported into the electrochemical cell depending on the mode of operation. The CO2 scrubber may also be used to capture water vapor, based on the mode of operation.

Abstract: A membrane (100) for liquid separation, where the membrane includes a polymer matrix (110) comprising a thickness (115) and a plurality of water-selectively-permeable particles (120) having a diameter (125) disposed within said polymer matrix, where the thickness substantially the same as the diameter.