Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides methods and compositions for controlling blood glucose or weight, including a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof, including dihydroberberine (DHB); and (ii) vitamin B12. The combination effectively ameliorates BBR or DHB side effects, including VB12 reduction, gastrointestinal discomfort, and slowed bowel movements, by promoting transcobalamin II receptors synthesis, decreasing homocysteine levels and maintaining intestinal balance, including short chain fatty acids content, gut microbiota diversity and richness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for suppressing deleterious effects of senescence in a mammal. The method includes administration to the mammal of a composition comprising therapeutically effective amount of ergothioneine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the composition suppressing deleterious effects of senescence is by down-regulation of p21 and/or SA?G.

Abstract: Glutathione deficiencies and deficiencies in glutathione synthetase activity, and the methods for the treatment thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a topical composition for preventing or treating skin aging, comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ergothioneine, an analog or derivative thereof, or a dermatologically acceptable salt thereof. This topical composition improves skin's radiance, luminosity or texture, and rarely produces skin irritation. In another aspect, this invention provides a method for preventing or treating photoaging in a subject, comprising topical application of the composition of the invention.

Abstract: The disclosure provides L-ergothioneine, novel forms of L-ergothioneine, and uses thereof, particularly for immune support and nutrient supplementation. In particular, the disclosure provides a method of improving a mammal's immune response to a microbial infection; an orally administered unit dosage form; and a method of inducing the production of reactive oxygen species in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for improving exercise performance or preventing or relieving fatigue in mammal, including administration to the mammal a composition including: (i) an effective amount of BAIBA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, polymer, analog or derivative thereof; and (ii) an effective amount of creatine. The present invention also provides a composition, including (i) an effective amount of BAIBA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, polymer, analog or derivative thereof; and (ii) an effective amount of creatine, for improving exercise performance or preventing or relieving fatigue in a mammal. The methods and compositions of the invention can be used for enhancing muscle strength, increasing muscle content, improving muscle endurance; preventing body fatigue after exercise, accelerating recovery after exercise.

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides methods and compositions for mimicking one or more biological benefits of caloric restriction in a mammal, including administering to the mammal an effective amount of Ergothioneine, an analog or derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, polymer, acid, analog or derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compounds for enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis in a mammal or for activating PGC-1? in a mammal, comprising administrating to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of L-Ergothioneine, an analog or derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof (e.g., as an active ingredient). Such administration of L-Ergothioneine is also capable of alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and boosting cellular function by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, and/or promoting health and longevity by improving mitochondrial biogenesis.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of one or more of obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), aging, fibromyalgia, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, Parkinson's disease, migraines, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Chronic Pain, neuralgia, depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and epilepsy, Insufficient Cellular Energy (ICE) and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present disclosure also pertains to methods for increasing mental and/or physical performance levels and/or decreasing exertion during exercise in a subject by the administration of C5 ketones.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for enhancing muscle function in a mammal, the method includes administration to the mammal of a composition comprising therapeutically effective amount of dihydroberberine (DHB) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof. The present invention also provides a composition including therapeutically effective amount of dihydroberberine (DHB) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof, for enhancing muscle function. In addition, the present invention provides methods for preparing any compositions disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of one or more of obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), aging, fibromyalgia, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, Parkinson's disease, migraines, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Chronic Pain, neuralgia, depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and epilepsy, Insufficient Cellular Energy (ICE) and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present disclosure also pertains to methods for increasing mental and/or physical performance levels and/or decreasing exertion during exercise in a subject by the administration of C5 ketones.

Abstract: Compositions of ?-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), and methods of using the same to achieve a physiological objective, are provided. Compositions of BAIBA having enantiomeric purity, in which a selected proportion of the BAIBA is L-?-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) and/or a selected proportion of the BAIBA is D-?-aminoisobutyric acid (D-BAIBA), are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions of ?-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), and methods of using the same to achieve a physiological objective, are provided. Compositions of BAIBA having enantiomeric purity, in which a selected proportion of the BAIBA is L-?-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) and/or a selected proportion of the BAIBA is D-?-aminoisobutyric acid (D-BAIBA), are also provided.

Abstract: Among others, this invention provides a soft capsule comprising ?-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, liposome, or mixture thereof as active ingredient, as well as method of making such soft capsule.

Abstract: Among others, the present disclosure provides methods for extending lifespan or improving healthspan in a mammal, which includes administration to the mammal of a composition containing an effective amount of ergothioneine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof.

Abstract: A human dietary supplement comprises theacrine and optionally other compounds that modulate the effects of theacrine. Uses for the theacrine-containing supplement include improvement of at least one of mood, energy, focus, concentration or sexual desire or a reduction of at least one of anxiety or fatigue. A synergistic composition comprises co-administration of theacrine and caffeine, wherein the co-administered caffeine reduces theacrine oral clearance (CL/F) and oral volume of distribution (Vd/F). In addition, the co-administered caffeine increases area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of theacrine, and increases theacrine maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) in comparison with the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters when theacrine is administered alone.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of one or more of obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), aging, fibromyalgia, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, Parkinson's disease, migraines, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Chronic Pain, neuralgia, depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and epilepsy, Insufficient Cellular Energy (ICE) and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present disclosure also pertains to methods for increasing mental and/or physical performance levels and/or decreasing exertion during exercise in a subject by the administration of C5 ketones.

Abstract: A human dietary supplement comprises theacrine and optionally other compounds that modulate the effects of theacrine. Uses for the theacrine-containing supplement include improvement of at least one of mood, energy, focus, concentration or sexual desire or a reduction of at least one of anxiety or fatigue. A synergistic composition comprises co-administration of theacrine and caffeine, wherein the co-administered caffeine reduces theacrine oral clearance (CL/F) and oral volume of distribution (Vd/F). In addition, the co-administered caffeine increases area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of theacrine, and increases theacrine maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) in comparison with the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters when theacrine is administered alone.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for enhancing muscle function in a mammal, the method includes administration to the mammal of a composition comprising therapeutically effective amount of dihydroberberine (DHB) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof. The present invention also provides a composition including therapeutically effective amount of dihydroberberine (DHB) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof, for enhancing muscle function. In addition, the present invention provides methods for preparing any compositions disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for anti-glycation, especially mitigating or preventing skin aging in a mammal, the method includes administration to the mammal of a composition including an effective amount of dihydroberberine (DHB) or its analog or its derivatives. The present invention also provides a composition including an effective amount of dihydroberberine (DHB) or its analog or its derivatives, for mitigating or preventing “Maillard reaction” in a mammal by controlling blood glucose, scavenging chronic ROS, reducing a level of MDA and expression of MMP-1. In addition, the present invention provides method for preparing any compositions disclosed herein.