Abstract: A method includes positioning a substrate at an initial position. The method also includes placing a filter onto the substrate. The filter is configured with a first set of layers with a maximized index and a second set of layers with a maximized index. The index for the first set of layers is greater than the index for the second set of layers. The filter has a reduced/minimal dependence on an angle of incidence (AOI) and reduced/minimal thermal dependence. The filter transmits signal photons onto a photon detector, rejects ambient photons, and increases signal-to-noise ratio of the photon detector.

Abstract: A method includes positioning a substrate at an initial position. The method also includes placing a filter onto the substrate. The filter is configured with a first set of layers with a maximized index and a second set of layers with a maximized index. The index for the first set of layers is greater than the index for the second set of layers. The filter has a reduced/minimal dependence on an angle of incidence (AOI) and reduced/minimal thermal dependence. The filter transmits signal photons onto a photon detector, rejects ambient photons, and increases signal-to-noise ratio of the photon detector.

Abstract: A system can comprise a first window pane configured at a first position in a semitransparent and uniform structure. The system can also include a first substrate configured with a first transparent conductive oxide (TCO) contact layer, a hole transport (HTL) layer and a first perovskite layer, wherein the first TCO contact layer, the HTL layer, and first perovskite layer are positioned at a set distance away from the first window pane in the semitransparent and uniform structure. The HTL layer includes oxides, or iodides, or organic materials. Further, the system can include a second substrate directly opposite to the first substrate, and configured with a second TCO contact layer, an electron transport (ETL) layer, and a second perovskite layer, wherein the first perovskite layer and the second perovskite layer are fused together in the semitransparent and uniform structure. The ETL layer includes oxides or organic materials.

Abstract: A system can comprise a first window pane configured at a first position in a semitransparent and uniform structure. The system can also include a first substrate configured with a first transparent conductive oxide (TCO) contact layer, a hole transport (HTL) layer and a first perovskite layer, wherein the first TCO contact layer, the HTL layer, and first perovskite layer are positioned at a set distance away from the first window pane in the semitransparent and uniform structure. The HTL layer includes oxides, or iodides, or organic materials. Further, the system can include a second substrate directly opposite to the first substrate, and configured with a second TCO contact layer, an electron transport (ETL) layer, and a second perovskite layer, wherein the first perovskite layer and the second perovskite layer are fused together in the semitransparent and uniform structure. The ETL layer includes oxides or organic materials.

Abstract: A confocal scanning system for the multispectral imaging of fluorescence from a tissue sample based on time domain mapping of spectral components of the fluorescence using coated fiber tips disposed on multimode optical fibers. A fiber grating spectrometer based on two serial arrays of coated fiber tips disposed on multi-mode fiber, and delay lines between them provide spectral slices of the florescence. The coated fiber tips are arranged such that the shortest wavelength spectral components are reflected first and the longest wavelength components last. Fiber-based delay lines delay the reflections from each successive fiber tip such that they are uniformly separated in time, and in the order of its spectral wavelength number. The spectral bins are used to colorize the images to show the presence of abnormal tissue at cellular spatial resolution. A second scan with increased laser flux can destroy the diseased tissue revealed by the first scan.

Abstract: The present invention is a confocal scanning system for the multispectral imaging of fluorescence from a tissue sample based on the mapping of the spectral components of the fluorescence into the time domain using coated fiber tips disposed on multimode optical fibers. A fiber grating spectrometer based on two serial arrays of coated fiber tips disposed on multi-mode fiber, and delay lines between them provide spectral slices of the florescence. The coated fiber tips are arranged such that the shortest wavelength spectral components are reflected first and the longest wavelength components last. Fiber-based delay lines delay the reflections from each successive fiber tip such that they are uniformly separated in time, and in the order of its spectral wavelength number. The spectral bins are used to colorize the images to show the presence of abnormal tissue at cellular spatial resolution. A second scan with increased laser flux can destroy the diseased tissue revealed by the first scan.