Abstract: A method for convolving an input signal with an impulse response function, the impulse response function being partitioned into a plurality of time segments of equal size, the method including transforming a segment of an input signal into the frequency domain to generate a frequency spectrum of the segment of the input signal; multiplying the frequency spectrum of the segment of the input signal with a frequency spectrum of each of the segments of the impulse response function; scaling the results from the multiplication of frequency spectra; accumulating the scaled results; and performing an inverse transform on the accumulated signals to generate a desired convolved signal in the time domain. The scaling includes performing a bitwise shift operation on the multiplication results, and performing the bitwise shift operation includes adding a bit to the multiplication results before the bitwise shift operation.

Abstract: A method for convolving an input signal with an impulse response function, the impulse response function being partitioned into a plurality of time segments of equal size, the method including transforming a segment of an input signal into the frequency domain to generate a frequency spectrum of the segment of the input signal; multiplying the frequency spectrum of the segment of the input signal with a frequency spectrum of each of the segments of the impulse response function; scaling the results from the multiplication of frequency spectra; accumulating the scaled results; and performing an inverse transform on the accumulated signals to generate a desired convolved signal in the time domain. The scaling includes performing a bitwise shift operation on the multiplication results, and performing the bitwise shift operation includes adding a bit to the multiplication results before the bitwise shift operation.

Abstract: A set of 2D reconstructed images is generated from a pretreatment 3D scan showing an initial position of a target, wherein the set of 2D reconstructed images corresponds to perturbations from said initial position along fewer than six degrees of freedom. Said set of 2D reconstructed images are registered with one or more 2D x-ray images of said target showing a current position of the target, wherein the registering includes computing a set of 3D transformation parameters that represent a change in position of said target between said initial position of said pretreatment 3D scan and said current position of said 2D x-ray images along six degrees of freedom. A positioning system is instructed to adjust a relative position of a radiosurgical beam generator to said target by an amount prescribed by said 3D transformation parameters, wherein said target is allowed six degrees of freedom of position.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing processing of communications signals on multi-processor architectures. The system consists of a digital interface that translate numbers that represent a waveform in some format to analog signals for use in transmission and translating analog signals to numbers representing those waveforms in some format that can be processed by the commodity digital hardware and software combination. The digital hardware and software incorporates parallel hardware and software that can process single or multiple streams and multiple processing steps as required for the communications system in any combination. In the examples, the use of general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) is illustrated, but the system is not necessarily limited to such an implementation. The system is highly scalable and modular for addressing a wide range of radio requirements, preferably using commodity components.

Abstract: A set of 2D reconstructed images is generated from a pretreatment 3D scan showing an initial position of a target, wherein the set of 2D reconstructed images corresponds to perturbations from said initial position along fewer than six degrees of freedom. Said set of 2D reconstructed images are registered with one or more 2D x-ray images of said target showing a current position of the target, wherein the registering includes computing a set of 3D transformation parameters that represent a change in position of said target between said initial position of said pretreatment 3D scan and said current position of said 2D x-ray images along six degrees of freedom.

Abstract: An image-guided radiosurgery method and system are presented that use 2D/3D image registration to keep the radiosurgical beams properly focused onto a treatment target. A pre-treatment 3D scan of the target is generated at or near treatment planning time. A set of 2D DRRs are generated, based on the pre-treatment 3D scan. At least one 2D x-ray image of the target is generated in near real time during treatment. The DRRs are registered with the x-ray images, by computing a set of 3D transformation parameters that represent the change in target position between the 3D scan and the x-ray images. The relative position of the radiosurgical beams and the target is continuously adjusted in near real time in accordance with the 3D transformation parameters. A hierarchical and iterative 2D/3D registration algorithm is used, in which the transformation parameters that are in-plane with respect to the image plane of the x-ray images are computed separately from the out-of-plane transformation parameters.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for registering a 2D radiographic image of a target with previously generated 3D scan data of the target. A reconstructed 2D image is generated from the 3D scan data. The radiographic 2D image is registered with the reconstructed 2D images to determine the values of in-plane transformation parameters (x, y, ?) and out-of-plane rotational parameters (r, ?), where the parameters represent the difference in the position of the target in the radiographic image, as compared to the 2D reconstructed image. An initial estimate for the in-plane transformation parameters is made by a 3D multi-level matching process, using the sum-of-square differences similarity measure. Based on these estimated parameters, an initial 1-D search is performed for the out-of-plane rotation parameters (r, ?), using a pattern intensity similarity measure. The in-plane parameters (x, y, ?) and out-of-plane parameters (r, ?) are iteratively refined, until a desired accuracy is reached.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatuses and methods for acoustically ejecting the fluid from a reservoir contained in or disposed on a substrate. The reservoir has a portion adapted to contain a fluid, and an acoustic radiation generator is positioned in acoustic coupling relationship to the reservoir. Acoustic radiation generated by the acoustic radiation generator is transmitted through at least the portion of the reservoir to an analyzer. The analyzer is capable of determining the energy level of the transmitted acoustic radiation and raising the energy level of subsequent pulses to a level sufficient to eject fluid droplets from the reservoir. The invention is particularly suited for delivering fluid from a plurality of reservoirs in an accurate and efficient manner.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for registering a 2D radiographic image of a target with previously generated 3D scan data of the target. A reconstructed 2D image is generated from the 3D scan data. The radiographic 2D image is registered with the reconstructed 2D images to determine the values of in-plane transformation parameters (x, y, ?) and out-of-plane rotational parameters (r, ?), where the parameters represent the difference in the position of the target in the radiographic image, as compared to the 2D reconstructed image. An initial estimate for the in-plane transformation parameters is made by a 3D multi-level matching process, using the sum-of-square differences similarity measure. Based on these estimated parameters, an initial 1-D search is performed for the out-of-plane rotation parameters (r, ?), using a pattern intensity similarity measure. The in-plane parameters (x, y, ?) and the out-of-plane parameters (r, ?) are iteratively refined, until a desired accuracy is reached.

Abstract: An image-guided radiosurgery method and system are presented that use 2D/3D image registration to keep the radiosurgical beams properly focused onto a treatment target. A pre-treatment 3D scan of the target is generated at or near treatment planning time. A set of 2D DRRs are generated, based on the pre-treatment 3D scan. At least one 2D x-ray image of the target is generated in near real time during treatment. The DRRs are registered with the x-ray images, by computing a set of 3D transformation parameters that represent the change in target position between the 3D scan and the x-ray images. The relative position of the radiosurgical beams and the target is continuously adjusted in near real time in accordance with the 3D transformation parameters. A hierarchical and iterative 2D/3D registration algorithm is used, in which the transformation parameters that are in-plane with respect to the image plane of the x-ray images are computed separately from the out-of-plane transformation parameters.