Abstract: Efficient secure password protocols are constructed that remain secure against offline dictionary attacks even when a large, but bounded, part of the storage of a server responsible for password verification is retrieved by an adversary through a remote or local connection. A registration algorithm and a verification algorithm accomplish the goal of defeating a dictionary attack. A password protocol where a server, on input of a login and a password, carefully selects several locations from the password files, properly combines their content according to some special function, and stores the result of this function as a tag that can be associated with this password and used in a verification phase to verify access by users.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a user with secure access to a web site at a first client device without having to enter login information, such as a username and password, at that device. For example, the first device may request access to user information from a server system. The server may generate a session ID, associate it with the first device, and encode it into a bar code that is displayed at the first device. Using camera functions, a second client device may identify and decode the bar code to determine the session ID. The login information may be entered into the second device in order to establish a secure connection with the server. The second device may transmit the session ID to the server system. The server may identify the first client device based on the common session ID and transmit the requested user information to the first device.

Abstract: Efficient secure password protocols are constructed that remain secure against offline dictionary attacks even when a large, but bounded, part of the storage of a server responsible for password verification is retrieved by an adversary through a remote or local connection. A registration algorithm and a verification algorithm accomplish the goal of defeating a dictionary attack. A password protocol where a server, on input of a login and a password, carefully selects several locations from the password files, properly combines their content according to some special function, and stores the result of this function as a tag that can be associated with this password and used in a verification phase to verify access by users.

Abstract: A method of identifying and unknown compound comprises: (a) obtaining an absorption spectrum of the compound; (b) obtaining an absorbance value An(?n) wherein An is the absorption value at a wavenumber ?n; (c) generating an array of values A?n(??n) wherein A?n(??n)=A?n(??n)?A? where A? is an absorbance value which is modified from the measured absorbance, such as Aavg where Aavg is the average of An(?n); (d) generating an array of values In(?n) by integrating A?n(??n) over a region of the spectrum; (e) normalizing the array of values In(?n) with values I?n(??n) obtained for a known compound. The system of this invention employs the above-described method in cooperation with a computer capable of receiving the absorption spectrum data and calculating values from the data using algorithms provided to the computer. The method and system of this invention may be used to identify unknown compounds for quality control, process control and other purposes.

Abstract: A method of identifying and unknown compound comprises: (a) obtaining an absorption spectrum of the compound; (b) obtaining an absorbance value An(&ngr;n) wherein An is the absorption value at a wavenumber &ngr;n; (c) generating an array of values A′n(&ngr;′n) wherein A′n(&ngr;′n)=An(&ngr;′n)−A″ where A″ is an absorbance value which is modified from the measured absorbance, such as Aavg where Aavg is the average of An(&ngr;n); (d) generating an array of values In(&ngr;n) by integrating A′n(&ngr;′n) over a region of the spectrum; (e) normalizing the array of values In(&ngr;n) with values I′n(&ngr;′n) obtained for a known compound. The system of this invention employs the above-described method in cooperation with a computer capable of receiving the absorption spectrum data and calculating values from the data using algorithms provided to the computer.