Abstract: Ecologically and/or environmentally conscious consumers and/or product manufacturers can “grade” the ecological and/or environmental character of products and/or their manufacturing methods. This grading may include one or more of: determining a type or amount of toxic material used in making the product and assigning a toxic consumption value for the product; determining a type or amount of waste created in making the product and assigning a waste production value for the product; determining a type or amount of environmentally preferred materials used in making the product and assigning a material value for the product; and determining an extent to which the product or its manufacturing methods provide an ecological or environmental advance over existing products or manufacturing methods and assigning an advancement value for the product. The final product grade then may be determined based on the assigned value or values.

Abstract: Individual pairs of shoes are packaged in bags instead of individual shoe boxes. Each shoe bag can be decoratively printed with, e.g., product logos or other information identifying the manufacturer of the shoes contained in the bag. The bags are made from paper and/or other types of materials. One or more display subunits are used to hold multiple bagged shoe pairs. The display subunits may be used to place shoe bags into shelves designed for shoe boxes, as well as to create free-standing displays.