Abstract: An embodiment bump on trace (BOT) structure includes a contact element supported by an integrated circuit, an under bump metallurgy (UBM) feature electrically coupled to the contact element, a metal ladder bump mounted on the under bump metallurgy feature, the metal ladder bump having a first tapering profile, and a substrate trace mounted on a substrate, the substrate trace having a second tapering profile and coupled to the metal ladder bump through direct metal-to-metal bonding. An embodiment chip-to-chip structure may be fabricated in a similar fashion.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a receiver and an automatic offset cancellation (AOC) method thereof. The receiver includes a receiving channel circuit and an AOC circuit. The receiving channel circuit generates an equalized differential signal including an equalized first-end signal and an equalized second-end signal according to an input differential signal. The AOC circuit detects a peak of the equalized first-end signal to generate a first peak detection result. The AOC circuit detects a peak of the equalized second-end signal to generate a second peak detection result. The AOC circuit compares the first peak detection result with the second peak detection result to generate a comparison result. The AOC circuit compensates a mismatch of an input differential pair in the receiving channel circuit according to the comparison result.

Abstract: Methods for predicting at least one of the total serum bilirubin level and the hemoglobin level are proposed. The method initially uses the non-invasive measurement to detect one or more sites of the human body for acquiring the corresponding transcutaneous bilirubin and/or hemoglobin level respectively per each site. After that, the artificial intelligence is used to process the acquired results for predicting. Especially, the AI may refer to at least the detected site(s) of the human body(s) and the values of the human body related parameters. Also, the AI may be trained by process a number of measured results and comparing the predicted results with a number of invasive measurement results, such that the correlation coefficient may be approached to 1.0, at least may be about 0.9. Furthermore, neither the used non-invasive measurement nor the used AI is limited.

Abstract: The optical sensing device is provided for receiving and transmitting a light signal. A light working area is defined according to a measurement range of the light signal. The optical sensing device includes a body, a transformation part and a signal unit. A light emitting unit and a light receiving unit are disposed at an end of the body, and the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit face the light working area. The transformation part pivots on the body. A light processing unit is disposed on the transformation part, and the light processing unit is capable of locating in the light working area for transmitting or receiving the light signal. The signal unit is configured for transmitting and processing the light signal.

Abstract: A diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system for determining an optical property of a specimen and a method for operating the same are provided. The system includes: a light emitting unit comprising a light emitting terminal, the light emitting unit configured to emit steady light; an optical medium arranged at one end of the device, the optical medium being controllable to switch between multiple optical states and configured to deliver the steady light to the specimen through the optical medium in different optical states, wherein the optical medium comprises a first surface in contact with the light emitting terminal of the light emitting unit and a second surface for contact with the specimen; and a detecting module comprising one or more receiving terminals for receiving light scattered from the specimen for determining the optical property of the specimen.

Abstract: An examination system is provided. The examination system includes an optical detector and analyzer. The optical detector emits a detection light source toward a target object and detects a respondent light which is induced from the target object in response to the detection light source to generate image data. The image data indicates a detection image. The analyzer receives the image data and determines which region of the target object the detection image belongs to according to the image data. When the analyzer determines that the detection image belongs to a specific region of the target object, the analyzer extracts at least one feature of the image data to serve as a basis for classification of the specific region.

Abstract: A diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system for determining an optical property of a specimen and a method for operating the same are provided. The system includes: a light emitting unit comprising a light emitting terminal, the light emitting unit configured to emit steady light; an optical medium arranged at one end of the device, the optical medium being controllable to switch between multiple optical states and configured to deliver the steady light to the specimen through the optical medium in different optical states, wherein the optical medium comprises a first surface in contact with the light emitting terminal of the light emitting unit and a second surface for contact with the specimen; and a detecting module comprising one or more receiving terminals for receiving light scattered from the specimen for determining the optical property of the specimen.

Abstract: The optical sensing device is provided for receiving and transmitting a light signal. A light working area is defined according to a measurement range of the light signal. The optical sensing device includes a body, a transformation part and a signal unit. A light emitting unit and a light receiving unit are disposed at an end of the body, and the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit face the light working area. The transformation part pivots on the body. A light processing unit is disposed on the transformation part, and the light processing unit is capable of locating in the light working area for transmitting or receiving the light signal. The signal unit is configured for transmitting and processing the light signal.

Abstract: A multiple wavelength optical system includes plural solid state light sources, an optical diffuser, a lens assembly, and at least one photodetector. The solid state light sources have different wavelength ranges respectively. The optical diffuser has an incident surface and an exit surface opposite to the incident surface. The solid state light sources are disposed opposite the incident surface, and the lens assembly is disposed opposite the exit surface. Each of the solid state light sources faces the incident surface in the same direction. The lights of the solid state light sources enter the optical diffuser and exit from the exit surface, and then are focused by the lens assembly. Finally, the focused lights are projected on a surface of an object. At least one photodetector receives the reflected lights and the penetrating lights from the surface of the object.

Abstract: A diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system for determining an optical property of a specimen and a method for operating the same are provided. The system includes: a light emitting unit comprising a light emitting terminal, the light emitting unit configured to emit steady light; an optical medium arranged at one end of the device, the optical medium being controllable to switch between multiple optical states and configured to deliver the steady light to the specimen through the optical medium in different optical states, wherein the optical medium comprises a first surface in contact with the light emitting terminal of the light emitting unit and a second surface for contact with the specimen; and a detecting module comprising one or more receiving terminals for receiving light scattered from the specimen for determining the optical property of the specimen.

Abstract: A diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system for determining an optical property of a specimen and a method for operating the same are provided. The system includes: a light emitting unit comprising a light emitting terminal, the light emitting unit configured to emit steady light; an optical medium arranged at one end of the device, the optical medium being controllable to switch between multiple optical states and configured to deliver the steady light to the specimen through the optical medium in different optical states, wherein the optical medium comprises a first surface in contact with the light emitting terminal of the light emitting unit and a second surface for contact with the specimen; and a detecting module comprising one or more receiving terminals for receiving light scattered from the specimen for determining the optical property of the specimen.

Abstract: An array near-field high optical scattering material detection method is disclosed, which comprises steps of irradiating an input light onto a high scattering material to generate a diffuse reflection, a diffusion, and a transmission within the high scattering material; reading out an optical energy over different positions on the high scattering material, respectively; forming a two dimensional light intensity distribution data image according to the optical energy over different positions on the high scattering material, respectively; and analyzing an internal composition variation of the high scattering material according to the two dimensional light intensity distribution data image to obtain the internal composition data of the high scattering material.

Abstract: A method and an optical system for evaluating the spatial distribution of the concentrations of components in tissue are disclosed. The novel detecting probe included in the optical system comprises plural optical fiber sets, each optical fiber set respectively comprises at least one source optical fiber and at least one detector optical fiber, the source optical fiber connects with the multi-wavelength light source, the source optical fiber delivers light from the multi-wavelength light source onto a tested tissue; and the angle between one optical fiber set and another optical fiber set is greater than 0° and less than and not equal to 180°. Through the optical system of the present invention, the spatial distribution of the concentrations of components such as water, hemoglobin, melanin, lipid, and collagen in the tested tissue can be derived by an equation (I) defined in the present specification.

Abstract: A method and an optical system for evaluating the spatial distribution of the concentrations of components in tissue are disclosed. The novel detecting probe included in the optical system comprises plural optical fiber sets, each optical fiber set respectively comprises at least one source optical fiber and at least one detector optical fiber, the source optical fiber connects with the multi-wavelength light source, the source optical fiber delivers light from the multi-wavelength light source onto a tested tissue; and the angle between one optical fiber set and another optical fiber set is greater than 0° and less than and not equal to 180°. Through the optical system of the present invention, the spatial distribution of the concentrations of components such as water, hemoglobin, melanin, lipid, and collagen in the tested tissue can be derived by an equation (I) defined in the present specification.

Abstract: A probe for obtaining quantitative optical properties and chromophore concentrations of tissue components in tissue in-vivo at superficial depths and at source-detector separations of 5 mm or less includes a source fiber providing light to expose the tissue, a diffuser layer into which light from the source fiber is directed and then from the diffuser layer to and/or into the tissue, and a detector fiber arranged relative to the diffuser layer for detecting backscattered and/or reflected light returned from the tissue without transmission through the diffuser layer.

Abstract: A probe for obtaining quantitative optical properties and chromophore concentrations of tissue components in tissue in-vivo at superficial depths and at source-detector separations of 5 mm or less includes a source fiber providing light to expose the tissue, a diffuser layer into which light from the source fiber is directed and then from the diffuser layer to and/or into the tissue, and a detector fiber arranged relative to the diffuser layer for detecting backscattered and/or reflected light returned from the tissue without transmission through the diffuser layer.

Abstract: A device and method for accurately performing quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy on a sample includes a light source and a source optical fiber that is optically coupled to the light source. A diffuser material is interposed between the source optical fiber and the sample, the diffuser material comprising a high scattering, low absorption material. The diffuser material effectively increases the photon path length from the light source to the sample, which limits the depth of interrogation to superficial volumes despite the penetrating nature of the radiation typically used. A detector optical fiber is provided adjacent to or laterally disposed from the source optical fiber. The detector optical fiber is coupled to a detector which detects photons collected in the detector optical fiber. The detector optical fiber and the source optical fiber may be separated by a distance of less than 5 mm while still permitting the diffusion approximation to remain valid.

Abstract: A device and method for accurately performing quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy on a sample includes a light source and a source optical fiber that is optically coupled to the light source. A diffuser material is interposed between the source optical fiber and the sample, the diffuser material comprising a high scattering, low absorption material. The diffuser material effectively increases the photon path length from the light source to the sample, which limits the depth of interrogation to superficial volumes despite the penetrating nature of the radiation typically used. A detector optical fiber is provided adjacent to or laterally disposed from the source optical fiber. The detector optical fiber is coupled to a detector which detects photons collected in the detector optical fiber. The detector optical fiber and the source optical fiber may be separated by a distance of less than 5 mm while still permitting the diffusion approximation to remain valid.