Abstract: System and method using distance bounding to provide security in fine timing measurement (FTM) communications including authenticating a prover device at a verifier device, including: transmitting from a verifier device, through the wireless interface, a sequence of challenge bits for a prover device, each challenge bit being transmitted in a respective FTM frame; receiving, at the verifier device, FTM acknowledgment frames; determining, for at least some of the received FTM acknowledgement frames, respective round trip time (RTT) measurements; determining, for at least some of the received FTM acknowledgement frames, whether the included response bit matches a predicted response bit; and authenticating the prover device based on the determined RTT measurements and the determined response bit matches.

Abstract: An embodiment method includes receiving, by an access point (AP), a first authentication request from a station (STA) that requests authentication of the STA, transmitting, by the AP, a second authentication request to a server that requests including extensible authentication protocol (EAP) authentication signaling to verify mutual possession of a shared key between the STA and the server, and receiving, by the AP, a first authentication response from the server in response to the second authentication request. The first authentication response includes an indication that authentication of the STA was successful. The method further includes transmitting, by the AP, a second authentication response to the STA, and receiving, by the AP, an association request that includes a message integrity code (MIC) from the STA.

Abstract: It is possible to reduce the PAPR of an amplified signal communicated over bonded channels by applying different phase shifts to control fields communicated over the bonded channels. The phase shifts reduce the amount of constructive interaction between the control fields by shifting the peaks of the respective signals in the time domain. The control fields may include short training fields (STFs), channel estimation (CE) fields, or header fields communicated over bonded channels.

Abstract: The AP can generate a distinctive 8 bit value, and fill the 8 most significant bits (MSBs) of the a 16 bit AID field to form a EDMG BSS AID. Beamforming can include a station performing a sector level sweep (SLS) process including transmitting, in sequence, a plurality of short sector sweep (SSW) frames to the other station using corresponding ones of the antenna sectors, and receiving, in sequence, a plurality of the short SSW frames from the other station, the short SSW frames having an addressing field format specifying a receiver address association ID (RA AID) and a transmitter address association ID (TA AID). The distinctive 8 bit value can be used as the AP AID.

Abstract: A nerve impulse signal stimulation device and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The nerve impulse signal stimulation device includes: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first metal layer formed on the first surface of the substrate; a second metal layer formed on the first metal layer; a plurality of openings exposing a portion of the first surface of the substrate, a portion of the first metal layer and a portion of the second metal layer; and a ferromagnetic material attached to the second surface of the substrate. The openings cause the nerve impulse signal stimulation device to obtain a parallel circuit structure, thereby increasing the current load and the magnetic field intensity, reducing the size of the device, and ensuring the safety of operations.

Abstract: A method includes transmitting, by a station to an access point (AP), a fast initial link setup (FILS) authentication request and transmitting, by the station to the AP, an authorization request, where the authorization request includes an extensible authentication protocol (EAP) over local area network (LAN) (EAPOL) key. The method also includes receiving, by the station from the AP, an association response, where the association response includes the EAPOL key.

Abstract: An apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a network interface configured for wireless communication with one or more personal basic service set (PBSS) control points (PCPs)/access points (APs) within a basic service set (BSS) PCP/AP cluster (BPAC) BSS. A processor coupled to the network interface is configured to coordinate beam coverage functions of the one or more member PCP/APs within the BPAC BSS. The processor is also configured to schedule communications within the BPAC BSS. The processor is also configured to provide a function of a virtual PCP/AP, and/or instruct another PCP/AP within the BPAC BSS to provide a function of the virtual PCP/AP, the virtual PCP/AP providing a representation of all PCP/AP s in the BPAC BSS as the single virtual PCP/AP.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a kit comprising: (a) a mesenchymal stem cell; (b) a gelatin-hyaluronan-chondroitin tri-copolymer scaffold; (c) a kartogenin; and (d) a bioreactor. The present invention is also related to a method for promoting differentiation of a mesenchymal stem cell into cartilage tissue, comprising: (a) culturing the mesenchymal stem cell on a gelatin- hyaluronan-chondroitin tri-copolymer scaffold in the presence of a kartogenin; and (b) culturing the mesenchymal stem cell and the gelatin-hyaluronan-chondroitin tri-copolymer scaffold in a bioreactor.

Abstract: The AP can generate a distinctive 8 bit value, and fill the 8 most significant bits (MSBs) of the a 16 bit AID field to form a EDMG BSS AID. Beamforming can include a station performing a sector level sweep (SLS) process including transmitting, in sequence, a plurality of short sector sweep (SSW) frames to the other station using corresponding ones of the antenna sectors, and receiving, in sequence, a plurality of the short SSW frames from the other station, the short SSW frames having an addressing field format specifying a receiver address association ID (RA AID) and a transmitter address association ID (TA AID). The distinctive 8 bit value can be used as the AP AID.

Abstract: Methods for communicating support of operations or capabilities for enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) communications are described. A supported channel width field or operating channel width field is used in a capabilities element or operation element. The supported channel width field or operating channel width field includes bit positions with bit values that are set to indicate support of operation or a capability of the transmit device from among defined options, the defined options including: the transmit device can perform channel bonding only, the transmit device can perform carrier aggregation only, and the transmit device can perform both channel bonding and carrier aggregation.

Abstract: A method for operating a communications device adapted for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless local area network (WLAN) communications includes generating an OFDMA preamble comprising an OFDMA signal (SIG) field including an indication of an allocation of an OFDMA resource to a station, and transmitting the OFDMA preamble in a frame.

Abstract: Systems and methods for wireless discovery and connectivity in 802.11 networks. A management frame from an access point (AP) or personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP) indicates which designated channels are operating and which are non-operating, for purposes of subsequent wireless communications, such as Association Beamforming Training (A-BFT). The management frame contains a bitmap or other forms for indicating which of the designated channels are operating and which are non-operating. In response to the information received through the management frame, one or more stations (STA) can select any one of the operating channels for transmitting of frames in A-BFT communication or other access periods in the Beacon Interval.

Abstract: An osteo-implant is provided, having a fixing segment and an implant end. The fixing segment is provided with a thread and at least one bone healing chamber. The bone healing chamber is located at a thread root of the thread. The bone healing chamber is a chamber inwardly depressed from a surface of the fixing segment. The fixing segment has a central axis. In the same section of the fixing segment, an area of a section, which is parallel to and passes through the central axis, of the at least one bone healing chamber closer to the implant end is smaller.

Abstract: An aspect of the disclosure provides a wireless frame transmission method. Such a method includes duplicating a preamble in the frequency domain to form at least one duplicate preamble, each preamble having multiple fields. The method further includes puncturing at least one of the preamble fields in the preamble with a first puncturing pattern and puncturing corresponding preamble fields in the at least one duplicate preamble with at least one additional puncturing pattern. The method further includes transmitting a frame including the preamble, the at least one duplicate preamble and a payload. In some embodiments the preamble and the duplicate preambles are each at different frequencies.

Abstract: Methods and systems for device-to-device (D2D) communication between a first device and a second device. The first device receives a communication transmitted by the second device, where the communication is intended for another recipient other than the first device. The communication provides information for the first device to determine a preferred transmit sector to be used by the second device for the D2D communication. The first device transmits a communication to the second device that provides information indentifying the preferred transmit sector to be used by the second device. As a receiver in the D2D communication, the first device receives data from the second device, transmitted on the preferred transmit sector. As a transmitter in the D2D communication, the first device transmits data to the second device on a preferred transmit sector identified in another communication received from the second device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for simultaneous transmission between a transmitter and a plurality of receivers. The transmitter receives information identifying respective preferred transmission sectors for transmission from the transmitter to each receiver. The transmitter transmits a first multi-user simultaneous transmission to a first set of two or more receivers. The first set of receivers is selected for the first set by identifying that the preferred transmission sectors for transmission to the first set of receivers are included in a first virtual grouping of two or more transmission sectors. The two or more transmission sectors belonging to the first virtual grouping are defined by the transmitter.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment a method for performing carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) by a station in a wireless communications network includes determining, in accordance with transmission information related to previous transmission attempts, a rate of success for each window section of a plurality of window sections, selecting a window section in accordance with at least the rate of success for each of the window sections and at least one predetermined threshold, and transmitting data after a back-off delay selected from within the selected window section.

Abstract: Various methods and communications devices to improve association and handoff performance of a wireless network are provided. By way of example, a modified state machine that permits reduced security requirements for authentication in order to achieve fast authentication is employed. The modified state machine providing fast authentication remains compatible with the classic state machine implementing the wireless fidelity (WiFi) standard.

Abstract: A method for operating a communications device adapted for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless local area network (WLAN) communications includes generating an OFDMA preamble comprising an OFDMA signal (SIG) field including an indication of an allocation of an OFDMA resource to a station, and transmitting the OFDMA preamble in a frame.

Abstract: A method for operating a first access point of a first plurality of access points comprising access points participating in cumulative beacon operations includes generating a cumulative beacon including basic service set identifiers (BSSIDs) and service set identifiers (SSIDs) of each access point in the first plurality of access points, and sending the cumulative beacon.