Abstract: A particle filter is suitable for performing particle filtering on a frame to track a particular object in the frame. The particle filter includes a frame cache, an observation model generator, and a particle filter controller. The frame cache is connected to a system memory through a system bus, in which the system memory stores all image blocks of the frame; and the frame cache obtains the at least one image block of the frame from the system memory and stores the obtained image block. The observation model generator reads at least one pixel from the frame cache, and generates an observation model corresponding to the object and the read image block according to the read pixel. The particle filter controller obtains the observation model from the observation model generator, and determines and outputs an object tracking result of the object according to the observation model.

Abstract: A hybrid connected component labeling process for analyzing digitized or binary images includes the following steps. Firstly, a forward scan is executed to assign a forward label to each foreground pixel in the image. Then, a backward scan is executed to assign a backward label to each foreground. The backward labels are rearranged and label connection is recorded. A label allocation table including final labels and reference labels is provided for recording the use of the labels. When an object is considered as noise, the label corresponds to the pixels of the object is released by updating the label allocation table.

Abstract: A hybrid connected component labeling process for analyzing digitized or binary images includes the following steps. Firstly, a forward scan is executed to assign a forward label to each foreground pixel in the image. Then, a backward scan is executed to assign a backward label to each foreground. The backward labels are rearranged and label connection is recorded. A label allocation table including final labels and reference labels is provided for recording the use of the labels. When an object is considered as noise, the label corresponds to the pixels of the object is released by updating the label allocation table.