Abstract: A flame retardant is provided, which has a structure represented by the following Structural Formula (I) or (II): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted araliphatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic group; R2 is R2N?C?N—R5m, wherein R5 is arylene or alkylene, and is identical or different in the repeat unit, and m is an integer from 0 to 5; n is an integer equal to or larger than 1; “” and “” respectively represent either a double bond or two single bonds, and “” and “” are not both double bonds; when “” represents a double bond, R3 is an oxygen atom; when “” represents two single bonds, R3 is R3a and R3b, in which R3a is a hydroxyl group and R3b is when “” represents a double bond, R4 is a nitrogen atom; when “” represents two single bonds, R4 is R4a and R4b, in which R4a is a secondary amino group and R4b is and R2? is attached to R4a

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to an all-digital spread spectrum clock generator comprising a phase detector, a time-to-digital converting unit, a digital loop filter, a delta-sigma modulator and a digital controlled oscillator. The phase detector receives a reference signal and a clock feedback signal to output first and second difference signals. The time-to-digital converting unit comprises timing amplifier to receive and amply the first and second difference signals to generate digital data. The digital loop filter receives and accumulates digital data to output first and second digital data. The delta-sigma modulator receives the second digital data to generate a resolution tuning word. The digital controlled oscillator adjusts its frequency of output clock signal according to the first difference signal, the second difference signal and the first digital data, and adjusts a resolution of the digital controlled oscillator according to the resolution tuning word.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to an all-digital spread spectrum clock generator comprising a phase detector, a time-to-digital converting unit, a digital loop filter, a delta-sigma modulator and a digital controlled oscillator. The phase detector receives a reference signal and a clock feedback signal to output first and second difference signals. The time-to-digital converting unit comprises timing amplifier to receive and amply the first and second difference signals to generate digital data. The digital loop filter receives and accumulates digital data to output first and second digital data. The delta-sigma modulator receives the second digital data to generate a resolution tuning word. The digital controlled oscillator adjusts its frequency of output clock signal according to the first difference signal, the second difference signal and the first digital data, and adjusts a resolution of the digital controlled oscillator according to the resolution tuning word.