Abstract: During authentication of an SDWAN tunnel, Intent ISAKMP packets authenticate the local SDWAN controller and the remote SDWAN controller with each other, wherein the ISAKMP packets include a notify payload. Configured link costs associated with at least two member paths at the remote SDWAN controller that have heterogeneous physical attributes from the notify payload of the ISAKMP packets are retrieved. The configured link-cost of the at least two member paths is reflective of link physical attributes. One of the at least two member paths is identified based on a lowest link-cost between the at least two member paths, for steering SDWAN network traffic.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing an internal loss mechanism of a solar cell is provided. The solar cell includes an anode and a cathode. An electron transport layer, an active layer and a hole transport layer are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between the cathode and the anode. The solar cell is modeled through a solar cell multi-physics simulation platform. Current density-voltage (JV) curves respectively of type A, type B, type C and type D are simulated by regulating a bulk defect and a surface defect of the active layer and a voltage scan rate. The solar cell is subjected to forward voltage scan and reverse voltage scan to obtain forward and reverse JV curves. According to the forward and reverse JV curves, whether the JV curve type of the solar cell is the type A, the type B, the type C or the type D is determined.

Abstract: An ultra-wideband electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure includes multiple EBG units in an array. Each EBG unit includes a power plane, a dielectric substrate and a ground plane from top to bottom. The power plane includes a patch, a coupled complementary split ring resonator (C-CSRR) and a plurality of semi-improved Z-bridge structures. Each edge of the patch is provided with a semi-improved Z-bridge structure. The C-CSRR is provided within a ring formed by the semi-improved Z-bridge structures. The Z-bridge structure includes a first horizontal branch, a first vertical branch, a second horizontal branch and a second vertical branch connected in sequence. The second vertical branch is connected to the patch. First horizontal branches of adjacent EBG units are connected to each other. A circuit board including the aforementioned EBG structure is also provided.

Abstract: An ultra-wideband electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure includes multiple EBG units in an array. Each EBG unit includes a power plane, a dielectric substrate and a ground plane from top to bottom. The power plane includes a patch, a coupled complementary split ring resonator (C-CSRR) and a plurality of semi-improved Z-bridge structures. Each edge of the patch is provided with a semi-improved Z-bridge structure. The C-CSRR is provided within a ring formed by the semi-improved Z-bridge structures. The Z-bridge structure includes a first horizontal branch, a first vertical branch, a second horizontal branch and a second vertical branch connected in sequence. The second vertical branch is connected to the patch. First horizontal branches of adjacent EBG units are connected to each other. A circuit board including the aforementioned EBG structure is also provided.

Abstract: During authentication of an SDWAN tunnel, Intent ISAKMP packets authenticate the local SDWAN controller and the remote SDWAN controller with each other, wherein the ISAKMP packets include a notify payload. Configured link costs associated with at least two member paths at the remote SDWAN controller that have heterogeneous physical attributes from the notify payload of the ISAKMP packets are retrieved. The configured link-cost of the at least two member paths is reflective of link physical attributes. One of the at least two member paths is identified based on a lowest link-cost between the at least two member paths, for steering SDWAN network traffic.