Abstract: Disclosed are a device for recognizing a facial expression and a method thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for replaying content calculates a three-dimensional coordinate using gaze information obtained through gaze-tracking, extracts a focal length corresponding to the calculated three dimensional coordinate and adjusts at least one of a perspective and a focus in a content for stereoscopic three-dimensional displays by adjusting an inter-pupillary distance (IPD) of a rendering stereo camera based on the extracted focal length. The apparatus adjusts the at least one of the perspective and the focus by adjusting a direction of the rendering stereo camera to a direction corresponding to a position of a target object so that the position of the target object is located within a circle of interest (CoI) and adjusts the at least one of the perspective and the focus by blurring a focus for another target object outside the focal length associated with the circle of interest (CoI) according to a convergence angle of both eyes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for providing a personalized three-dimensional (3D) image. The apparatus for providing a personalized three-dimensional image using convergence matching may include a fixed screen set as a horopter region, a calculation unit configured to calculate a shift value of an image projected onto the screen based on a distance from a virtual stereo camera to a target object, a convergence matching unit configured to match a convergence angle to the horopter region based on the shift value, and a controller configured to control the convergence matching unit to maintain the convergence angle when a user's gaze is shifted to a nearby object having the same depth value as the target object.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for providing a personalized three-dimensional (3D) image. The apparatus for providing a personalized three-dimensional image using convergence matching may include a fixed screen set as a horopter region, a calculation unit configured to calculate a shift value of an image projected onto the screen based on a distance from a virtual stereo camera to a target object, a convergence matching unit configured to match a convergence angle to the horopter region based on the shift value, and a controller configured to control the convergence matching unit to maintain the convergence angle when a user's gaze is shifted to a nearby object having the same depth value as the target object.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device for recognizing a facial expression and a method thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technology applicable to stereoscopic three-dimensional image content replaying. More particularly, a technology for alleviating user's discomfort, such as dizziness, or eye fatigue when using a stereoscopic three-dimensional display is disclosed. The apparatus for replaying content according to the present disclosure is at least temporarily by a computer and includes an operation unit that calculates a three-dimensional coordinate using gaze information obtained through gaze-tracking; an extraction unit that extracts a focal length corresponding to the calculated three-dimensional coordinate; and a processing unit that collects at least one of a perspective and a focus in a content for stereoscopic three-dimensional displays based on the calculated focal length.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device into which is integrated an optical low pass filter serving as the transparent window thereof, this integrated structure simplifying the configuration of the imaging system, reducing its size and manufacturing cost. The optical low pass filter is configured of an optical phase grating low pass filter to obtain satisfactory frequency characteristics. The optical low pass filter is constructed in such a manner that a grating with a predetermined thickness, generating the phase shift of &phgr;, a grating whose thickness is twice the &phgr;-phase shift grating, generating the phase shift of 2&phgr;, and a grating portion generating the phase shift of 0 form a basic pattern, the basic pattern being periodically arranged.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a charge pump circuit. A multi-stage charge pump circuit with a particular structure for at least one of said stages is presented. The stage has two switches of which the second switch has a pair of conduction terminals connected between the first control terminal of the first switch and a next stage. The second switch, for instance a transistor, has a second control terminal, the second control terminal being connected to said previous stage. The present charge pump circuit is especially suited for use in an integrated memory device. No special last or output stage is required. Further, the circuit is suited for exploiting the floating well type technology, which is an advantage as the bulk effect is reduced by using such technology. In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, the choice of the steering signals (control and node clocks), possibly due to the selecting of the particular stage structure, is discussed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a charge pump circuit. A multi-stage charge pump circuit with a particular structure for at least one of said stages is presented. The stage has two switches of which the second switch has a pair of conduction terminals connected between the first control terminal of the first switch and a next stage. The second switch, for instance a transistor, has a second control terminal, the second control terminal being connected to said previous stage. The present charge pump circuit is especially suited for use in an integrated memory device. No special last or output stage is required. Further, the circuit is suited for exploiting the floating well type technology, which is an advantage as the bulk effect is reduced by using such technology. In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, the choice of the steering signals (control and node clocks), possibly due to the selecting of the particular stage structure, is discussed.

Abstract: There is provided an optical low pass filter passing only a lower spatial frequency using a phase grating and the structure of the grating. The optical low pass filter utilizes the two-dimensionally arranged phase grating for the purpose of removing an image with a higher spatial frequency in an imaging system employing a semiconductor solid-state imaging device such as CCD image sensor or CMOS image sensor, The optical low pass filter which suppresses a spatial frequency component higher than a specific frequency and passes a component lower than the specific frequency in an imaging system sensing input images includes a grating generating the phase shift of 0, a grating generating the phase shift of &phgr;, arranged at the right and bottom of the 0-phase shift grating, and a grating generating the phase shift of 2&phgr;, arranged at the diagonal side of the 0-phase shift grating.

Abstract: A nonvolatile ferroelectric memory that reduces the number of cycles of reference cells to extend lifetime of memory. A reference cell of the memory is activated to provide a reference voltage to a sense amplifier only when the sense amplifier needs the reference voltage. The memory comprises a plurality of cells arranged in a matrix form and including memory cells and reference cells, and a plurality of sense amplifiers arranged in a row of the matrix, in which each sense amplifier compares voltages induced from a reference cell and a selected memory cell to read information stored in the selected memory cell, and in which each reference cell is activated only when both a selection signal from a column address and a word line connected to said reference cell are enabled.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory cell is disclosed including a first conductivity-type substrate, an active region located in a predetermined portion of the first conductivity-type substrate, the active region including a second conductivity-type source and drain and a channel region placed between the source and drain, a floating gate having an inverse T-shape and formed on the surface of the substrate between the source and drain, and a control gate formed on the surface of the floating gate.