Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of fluid heat transfer, and discloses a heat transfer enhancement pipe as well as a cracking furnace and an atmospheric and vacuum heating furnace including the same. The heat transfer enhancement pipe (1) includes a pipe body (10) of tubular shape having an inlet (100) for entering of a fluid and an outlet (101) for said fluid to flow out; internal wall of the pipe body (10) is provided with a fin (11) protruding towards interior of the pipe body (10), wherein the fin (11) has one or more fin sections extending spirally in the axial direction of the pipe body (10), and each fin section has a first end surface facing the inlet (100) and a second end surface facing the outlet (101), at least one of the first end surface and the second end surface of at least one of the rib sections is formed as a transition surface along spirally extending direction.

Abstract: A stress isolator that allows a sensor to be attached to materials of the same coefficient of thermal expansion and still provide the required elastic isolation between the sensor and the system to which it is mounted. The isolator is made of two materials, borosilicate glass and silicon. The glass is the same material as the mounting surface of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors. The silicon makes an excellent isolator, being very elastic and easy to form into complex shapes. The two materials of the isolator are joined using an anodic bond. The construction of the isolator can be specific to different types of MEMS sensors, making the most of their geometry to reduce overall volume.

Abstract: A stress isolator that allows a sensor to be attached to materials of the same coefficient of thermal expansion and still provide the required elastic isolation between the sensor and the system to which it is mounted. The isolator is made of two materials, borosilicate glass and silicon. The glass is the same material as the mounting surface of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors. The silicon makes an excellent isolator, being very elastic and easy to form into complex shapes. The two materials of the isolator are joined using an anodic bond. The construction of the isolator can be specific to different types of MEMS sensors, making the most of their geometry to reduce overall volume.

Abstract: A bi-directional, out-of-plane electrostatic comb drive apparatus including two electrically independent sets of stator comb tines; and a method for fabricating an out-of-plane comb drive with stacked sets of stator comb tines. A first set of stator comb tines is offset from a second set of stator comb tines. A set of rotor comb tines interleaves with both sets of stator comb tines. A first voltage applied to the first set of stator comb tines operates to pull the rotor tines toward the first set of stator comb tines. A second voltage applied to the second set of stator comb tines operates to pull the rotor tines toward the second set of stator comb tines, enabling bi-directional operation. A fabrication method is disclosed that enables fabrication of the first and second sets of stator comb tines that are mechanically and electrically independent and interleaved by the rotor comb tines.

Abstract: System and methods offset mechanism elements during fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices. An exemplary embodiment applies a voltage across an offset mechanism element and a bonding layer of a MEMS device to generate an electrostatic charge between the offset mechanism element and the bonding layer, wherein the electrostatic charge draws the offset mechanism element to the bonding layer. The offset mechanism element and the bonding layer are then bonded.

Abstract: A bi-directional, out-of-plane electrostatic comb drive apparatus including two electrically independent sets of stator comb tines; and a method for fabricating an out-of-plane comb drive with stacked sets of stator comb tines. A first set of stator comb tines is offset from a second set of stator comb tines. A set of rotor comb tines interleaves with both sets of stator comb tines. A first voltage applied to the first set of stator comb tines operates to pull the rotor tines toward the first set of stator comb tines. A second voltage applied to the second set of stator comb tines operates to pull the rotor tines toward the second set of stator comb tines, enabling bi-directional operation. A fabrication method is disclosed that enables fabrication of the first and second sets of stator comb tines that are mechanically and electrically independent and interleaved by the rotor comb tines.

Abstract: A device according to the present invention includes a MEMS device supported on a first side of a die. A first side of an isolator is attached to the first side of the die. A package is attached to the first side of the isolator, with at least one electrically conductive attachment device attaching the die to the isolator and attaching the isolator to the package. The isolator may include isolation structures and a receptacle.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) includes a housing defining an enclosed cavity, stator tines extending from the housing into the cavity, a MEMS device located within the cavity, the MEMS device including a proof mass and rotor tines extending from the proof mass, each rotor tine being positioned at a capacitive distance from a corresponding stator tine. The rotor tines include a first section extending a first distance from an insulating layer of the rotor tines and a second section extending a second distance from the insulating layer in an opposite direction from the first section. The stator tines include a first section extending a first distance from an insulating layer of the stator tines and a second section extending a second distance from the insulating layer in an opposite direction from the first section, the stator tine first distance being greater than the rotor tine first distance.

Abstract: Provided are three-dimensional microstructures and their methods of formation. The microstructures are formed by a sequential build process and include microstructural elements which are mechanically locked to one another. The microstructures find use, for example, in coaxial transmission lines for electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: System and methods offset mechanism elements during fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices. An exemplary embodiment applies a voltage across an offset mechanism element and a bonding layer of a MEMS device to generate an electrostatic charge between the offset mechanism element and the bonding layer, wherein the electrostatic charge draws the offset mechanism element to the bonding layer. The offset mechanism element and the bonding layer are then bonded.

Abstract: A device according to the present invention includes a MEMS device supported on a first side of a die. A first side of an isolator is attached to the first side of the die. A package is attached to the first side of the isolator, with at least one electrically conductive attachment device attaching the die to the isolator and attaching the isolator to the package. The isolator may include isolation structures and a receptacle.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device with a mechanism layer and a base. The top surface of the base is bonded to the mechanism layer and defines a gap in the top surface of the base. A portion of the mechanism layer is deflected into the gap until it contacts the base, and is bonded to the base.

Abstract: A micoroelectromechanical system (MEMS) includes a housing defining an enclosed cavity, stator tines extending from the housing into the cavity, a MEMS device located within the cavity, the MEMS device including a proof mass and rotor tines extending from the proof mass, each rotor tine being positioned at a capacitive distance from a corresponding stator tine. The rotor tines include a first section extending a first distance from an insulating layer of the rotor tines and a second section extending a second distance from the insulating layer in an opposite direction from the first section. The stator tines include a first section extending a first distance from an insulating layer of the stator tines and a second section extending a second distance from the insulating layer in an opposite direction from the first section, the stator tine first distance being greater than the rotor tine first distance.

Abstract: Methods for producing MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) devices with a thick active layer and devices produced by the method. An example method includes heavily doping a first surface of a first silicon wafer with P-type impurities, and heavily doping a first surface of a second silicon wafer with N-type impurities. The heavily doped first surfaces are then bonded together, and a second side of the first wafer opposing the first side of the first wafer is thinned to a desired thickness, which may be greater than about 30 micrometers. The second side is then patterned and etched, and the etched surface is then heavily doped with P-type impurities. A cover is then bonded to the second side of the first wafer, and the second wafer is thinned.

Abstract: Provided are three-dimensional microstructures and their methods of formation. The microstructures are formed by a sequential build process and include microstructural elements which are affixed to one another. The microstructures find use, for example, in coaxial transmission lines for electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: Provided are three-dimensional microstructures and their methods of formation. The microstructures are formed by a sequential build process and include microstructural elements which are mechanically locked to one another. The microstructures find use, for example, in coaxial transmission lines for electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device with a mechanism layer and a base. The top surface of the base is bonded to the mechanism layer and defines a gap in the top surface of the base. A portion of the mechanism layer is deflected into the gap until it contacts the base, and is bonded to the base.