Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal display element formed by sealing a liquid crystal layer in a space between a pair of light transmitting substrates, the liquid crystal layer being formed by a liquid crystal material so that .DELTA.n.multidot.d that is a product of the index anisotropy .DELTA.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is described which includes a pair of transparent substrates disposed opposite each other sandwiching a liquid crystal layer therebetween, with a transparent electrode and an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side of each of the substrates. The transparent electrodes disposed opposite each other in pairs are at two or more different spacings at least within one display area of a pixel.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to eliminate viewing angle dependency in the upward, downward, and right- and left-hand directions, and compensate for optical retardation according to the viewing angle. The liquid crystal display device is provided with at least one optical retardation compensator plate inserted between a liquid crystal display element and polarizer plates. The liquid crystal display element is composed of a pair of electrode substrates and a liquid crystal layer sealed therebetween. The polarizer plates flank the liquid crystal display element. The optical retardation compensator plate has a negative refractive index anisotropy and an inclining refractive index ellipsoid.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus of the invention includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates with alignment films formed at interfaces between the liquid crystal layer and the respective substrates. The alignment films regulate aligning conditions of liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal display apparatus, the liquid crystal layer includes two or more liquid crystal layer regions of different aligning conditions, and at least one of the alignment films has surface tensions which are different from each other in surface regions thereof corresponding to the respective liquid crystal layer regions of different aligning conditions.

Abstract: The diffusion optical guide plate of this invention includes a transparent plate having the first plane, the second plane and side faces; and a light scattering controlling means for scattering incident light from said side face so as to allow the light to go out through the second plane, and transmitting incident light from said first plane so as to allow the light to go out through said second plane.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is described which includes a pair of transparent substrates disposed opposite each other sandwiching a liquid crystal layer therebetween, with a transparent electrode and an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side of each of the substrates. The transparent electrodes disposed opposite each other in pairs are at two or more different spacings at least within one display area of a pixel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes: a liquid crystal display device; an illumination device for irradiating the liquid crystal display device with collimated light; and a control device for electrically controlling a direction of travel of light going out from or entering the liquid crystal display device, thereby having adjustable viewing angle characteristics.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is described which includes a pair of transparent substrates disposed opposite each other sandwiching a liquid crystal layer therebetween, with a transparent electrode and an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side of each of the substrates. The transparent electrodes disposed opposite each other in pairs are at two or more different spacings at least within one display area of a pixel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which includes a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; and an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer is disclosed. The liquid crystal layers includes liquid crystal molecules, and is divided into a plurality of regions having different twist angles from one another.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second substrates; a plurality of electrodes for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer; a first alignment film provided on a surface of the first substrate in contact with the liquid crystal layer; a second alignment film provided on a surface of the second substrate in contact with the liquid crystal layer; and a plurality of pixels. The liquid crystal layer in each of the pixels includes first and second liquid crystal regions, liquid crystal molecules in the first and the second liquid crystal regions have an identical twisting direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal layer that is sandwiched between a pair of electrode substrates in a manner so as to contact alignment films, and also has a liquid crystal display element having optical phase-difference plates placed on both sides thereof. The liquid crystal layer is divided into a first division-section and a second division-section that have different sizes and that are oriented by the alignment films in respectively different directions. Further, with respect to the first division-section that has the larger size, an optical phase difference plate is placed so that the index ellipsoid, which identifies the refractive-index anisotropy of the optical phase-difference plate, has an inclined direction to the optical phase-difference plate that is opposite to the pretilt direction of liquid crystal molecules located in the vicinity of the alignment films.

Abstract: A liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyamic acid containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group and a polyimide containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group; and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal aligning agent. This liquid crystal aligning agent gives a liquid crystal aligning film which has good liquid crystal aligning property and in which pretilt angle can be changed by radiation with a small energy and which is suitable for domain-divided alignment type liquid crystal display having a wide view angle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal layer; a liquid crystal alignment film in contact with the liquid crystal layer; a first substrate and a second substrate which are disposed so as to face each other with the liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween; a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix on a surface, facing the liquid crystal layer, of the first substrate; and a counter electrode formed on a surface, facing the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate. In the liquid crystal display device, a black matrix covering at least portions between the pixel electrodes is formed over the surface of the first substrate, facing the liquid crystal layer; the black matrix is formed in a taper shape having a taper angle .theta. smaller than 90 degrees; and the liquid crystal alignment film provides a pretilt angle larger than one-half of the taper angle .theta..

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween is disclosed. Also, a method for producing the same and a substrate are disclosed. In the liquid crystal display apparatus, an aligning film is formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, the surface of the aligning film is made rough for controlling pretilt angles of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer which are in contact with the surface of the aligning film, and the degrees of roughness are different among a plurality of prescribed regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which includes a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; and an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer is disclosed. The liquid crystal layers includes liquid crystal molecules, and is divided into a plurality of regions having different twist angles from one another.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus of the invention includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates with alignment films formed at interfaces between the liquid crystal layer and the respective substrates. The alignment films regulate aligning conditions of liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal display apparatus, the liquid crystal layer includes two or more liquid crystal layer regions of different aligning conditions, and at least one of the alignment films has surface tensions which are different from each other in surface regions thereof corresponding to the respective liquid crystal layer regions of different aligning conditions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. In the liquid crystal display apparatus, an aligning film is formed on at least one of the pair of substrates. The surface of the aligning film is made rough for controlling pretilt angles of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer which are in contact with the surface of the aligning film. Further, the degrees of roughness are different among a plurality of prescribed regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which includes a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; and an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer is disclosed. The liquid crystal layers includes liquid crystal molecules, and is divided into a plurality of regions having different twist angles from one another.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid crystal display apparatus, including a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, includes forming an aligning film on at least one of the pair of substrates. The surface of the aligning film is made rough to adjust the pretilt angles of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer which are adjacent the aligning film. Further, the degrees of roughness are different among a plurality of prescribed regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyamic acid containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group and a polyimide containing an aliphatic and/or alicyclic hydrocarbon group; and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal aligning agent. This liquid crystal aligning agent gives a liquid crystal aligning film which has good liquid crystal aligning property and in which pretilt angle can be changed by radiation with a small energy and which is suitable for domain-divided alignment type liquid crystal display having a wide view angle.