Abstract: Optical apparatus for measuring displacement of a moveable member so as to enable compact construction and high accuracy measurement includes an optical grid, a light source, a plurality of light receiving arrays, and an operating circuit. Also, each of the plurality of light receiving arrays has a plurality of light receiving elements arranged at a pitch S. The operating circuit calculates the displacement of the moveable member based on outputs from the plurality of light receiving arrays, which are arranged so that a predetermined distance in a direction of displacement shifts one from another.

Abstract: A color printer provided with ink jet heads comprising three trains of nozzle holes for respectively discharging different colored ink, each train of nozzle holes composed of a plurality of nozzle holes which are arranged at intervals of three pitches in the auxiliary scanning direction, and disposed at equal intervals in the main scanning direction while shifting every one pitch in the auxiliary scanning direction wherein different colored inks are discharged and sequentially superimposed over one another on a recording sheet to synthesize colors.

Abstract: An arrangement for mechanically processing a workpiece having a position detecting pattern or patterns formed thereon has a mechanically processing tool disposed at a predetermined position, a worktable arranged so as to be linearly moved in at least one of the rectangular coordinate X- and Y-axes while holding the workpiece thereon, and a position aligning unit provided with an opto-electric line sensor capable of detecting one of the patterns of the workpiece and issuing pattern detected signals, and an operation/control unit capable of mathematically processing the detected signals from the line sensor to determine a position of the workpiece to be mechanically processed and generating control signals for controlling the movement of the worktable so that the position to be mechanically processed is aligned with the position of the mechanically processing tool. The line sensor may be a CCD type line sensor.

Abstract: A grinding machine including optical detectors for detecting an inclination and a difference of a reference position of the workpiece with respect to a reference position of the grinding machine; an inclinable jig capable of inclining the reference position of the workpiece; controlling members for rotating the inclinable jig; displacement detectors for detecting an inclination of the inclinable jig; and a controlling device for calculating the correction amount of the reference position of the workpiece according to the position information from the optical detectors, providing the control signal to the controlling members in accordance with the calculated value to rotate the inclinable jig, simultaneously receiving the information from the displacement detectors, rotating the inclinable jig until the information from the displacement detectors coincides with the calculated value, and holding the jig.

Abstract: A grinding machine comprising a tool mounting head which is movable vertically between a pair of guide columns on which guide surfaces are provided for guiding the head. A plurality of workpieces are mounted on corresponding holding jigs which are mounted by means enabling them to be tilted, and measurement means such as X-ray or optical means are provided to sense the orientation of a workpiece being machined, with signals from the measurement means controlling the tilting of the corresponding holding jig. Jigs are mounted on a rotary table rotatably mounted on a workpiece slide which can be traversed below a grinding tool.

Abstract: A machine tool elevating and guiding apparatus comprising a tool mounting head which is movable vertically between a pair of guide columns. Guide surfaces on the guide columns are positioned closely adjacent to guided surfaces on the tool mounting head and a flow of pressurized fluid is passed at a fixed pressure between the guide and guided surfaces, such as to eliminate tilting of the tool mounting head. At least one guide surface serves as a reference surface, with a thin film of pressurized lubricating oil being formed between this and an adacent guided surface. The tool mounting head is mounted on an elevating feed screw, with means provided whereby the weight of the head is supported independently of that screw, so that a very high degree of precision in vertical positioning of the tool mounting head is attained.