Abstract: An encoder for stably detecting the amount of movement of an object. The encoder includes an LED for emitting light toward a rotor plate including slits. An optical sensor generates an ON signal when the amount of emitted light passing through the slits exceeds a threshold value. A current increasing circuit increases the amount of current flowing through the LED when the optical sensor generates an ON signal.

Abstract: An encoder for stably detecting the amount of movement of an object. The encoder includes an LED for emitting light toward a rotor plate including slits. An optical sensor generates an ON signal when the amount of emitted light passing through the slits exceeds a threshold value. A current increasing circuit increases the amount of current flowing through the LED when the optical sensor generates an ON signal.

Abstract: A rotation angle detector that is able to detect an absolute rotation angle of a detection body accurately and is able to reduce the installation space required. The rotation angle detector includes a first rotation angle detector connected to the detection body for generating a first detection signal having a cycle corresponding to the rotation of the detection body. The first rotation angle detector includes a first rotating body which is connected to the detection body and rotates together with the detection body. The detector includes a second rotation angle detector connected to the first rotation angle detector. The second rotation angle detector includes a second rotating body that rotates together with the first rotating body at a rate greater than that of the first rotating body, and generates a second detection signal having a cycle corresponding to the rotation of the second rotation body.

Abstract: A rotation angle detector that is able to detect an absolute rotation angle of a detection body accurately and is able to reduce the installation space required. The rotation angle detector includes a first rotation angle detector (15) connected to the detection body for generating a first detection signal having a cycle corresponding to the rotation of the detection body. The first rotation angle detector includes a first rotating body (13) which is connected to the detection body and rotates together with the detection body. The detector includes a second rotation angle detector (20) connected to the first rotation angle detector. The second rotation angle detector includes a second rotating body (16) that rotates together with the first rotating body at a speed greater than that of the first rotating body, and generates a second detection signal having a cycle corresponding to the rotation of the second rotating body.

Abstract: A motor drive control device, comprises: a switch which operates a motor; a motor which raises and lowers a door glass; a pulse signal generating device which synchronizes with the rotation of the motor and generates a pulse signal; and a determining device which, in a case in which there is a predetermined difference between this pulse signal and a normal pulse signal which is generated by synchronizing with the rotation of said motor, determines that the pulse signal generating device is failed. Therefore, in a case in which it is determined that the pulse signal generating device is failed and the switch is operated so that the motor raises the door glass, raising of the door glass can be stopped.

Abstract: A method for assaying an enzyme on a targeted solid body surface, including the steps of contacting an end opening of a thin tube with a targeted solid body surface to form a space between the targeted solid body surface and inner wall surface of the thin tube, supplying a substrate solution into the space to bring the substrate solution in contact with the targeted solid body surface, and determining a pH change of the substrate solution in the space by using a pH electrode; and an apparatus therefor.