Abstract: The fermentation apparatus according to the invention is of a vertically oriented, multistage type comprising one or more fermentation tanks, an outlet port provided at the top of the fermentation tank, a maturation tank disposed below the fermentation tank, and a preliminary fermentation tank disposed below the maturation tank. Each fermentation tank includes a support member rotatable in the circumferential direction, an agitation member removably connected to the support member and including a plurality of agitation blades rotatable in the horizontal direction relative to the bottom surface of the fermentation apparatus, a gas intake device disposed below the agitation member, a transfer opening member for open-close movement, and a filter member provided at the top of the fermentation tank.

Abstract: An opener according to the invention comprises a vertical displacement mechanism for moving a capsule to a position in which the capsule is to be opened. The opener also includes a holding mechanism for holding the capsule, a cutting mechanism for cutting the capsule, and a casing. The cutting mechanism includes three roller cutters rotatably supported by a cutter holder by means of a pin. Each of the roller cutters is disposed so as to be rotated around the capsule and to be movable radially of the capsule for the purpose of cutting the capsule. The capsule, vertical displacement mechanism, holding mechanism and cutting mechanism are all contained in the casing and are actuated by a manipulator within the lead cell.

Abstract: A radiation gauge is provided which comprises a casing having an evacuated inside, a pair of electrode plates contained within the casing, and an insulating material of aluminum oxide disposed between the pair of electrode plates, the insulating material undergoing an induced conduction phenomenon when ionizing radiation is illuminated thereon, whereby intensity of ionizing radiation can be measured based on the induced conduction phenomenon of the insulating material.