Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening an inhibitor of ATP11C or CDC50A, comprising determining (a) exposure of phosphatidylserine on cell surface, (b) engulfment of cells by macrophages, or (c) cleavage of ATP11C by caspase. The present invention also relates to a method for inducing engulfment of cells by macrophages, comprising inhibiting ATP11C or CDC50A.

Abstract: An object is to provide a P2X7 receptor expression modulator. The object is achieved by a P2X7 receptor expression modulator comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of an Eros (essential for reactive oxygen species) expression modulator and a functional modulator of Eros.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening an inhibitor of ATP11C or CDC50A, comprising determining (a) exposure of phosphatidylserine on cell surface, (b) engulfment of cells by macrophages, or (c) cleavage of ATP11C by caspase. The present invention also relates to a method for inducing engulfment of cells by macrophages, comprising inhibiting ATP11C or CDC50A.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening an inhibitor of ATP11C or CDC50A, comprising determining (a) exposure of phosphatidylserine on cell surface, (b) engulfment of cells by macrophages, or (c) cleavage of ATP11C by caspase. The present invention also relates to a method for inducing engulfment of cells by macrophages, comprising inhibiting ATP11C or CDC50A.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening an inhibitor of ATP11C or CDC50A, comprising determining (a) exposure of phosphatidylserine on cell surface, (b) engulfment of cells by macrophages, or (c) cleavage of ATP11C by caspase. The present invention also relates to a method for inducing engulfment of cells by macrophages, comprising inhibiting ATP11C or CDC50A.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening an inhibitor of ATP11C or CDC50A, comprising determining (a) exposure of phosphatidylserine on cell surface, (b) engulfment of cells by macrophages, or (c) cleavage of ATP11C by caspase. The present invention also relates to a method for inducing engulfment of cells by macrophages, comprising inhibiting ATP11C or CDC50A.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of screening a modulator of Xkr8, comprising the steps of: (1) contacting Xkr8-expressing cells with a candidate of the modulator, and (2) selecting the candidate when the candidate alters distribution of a phospholipid in plasma membrane of the cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening an inhibitor of ATP11C or CDC50A, comprising determining (a) exposure of phosphatidylserine on cell surface, (b) engulfment of cells by macrophages, or (c) cleavage of ATP11C by caspase. The present invention also relates to a method for inducing engulfment of cells by macrophages, comprising inhibiting ATP11C or CDC50A.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening a modulator of a TMEM16 family member, which comprises the following steps: (1) treating cells expressing the TMEM16 family member with a candidate of the modulator, and (2) determining whether the candidate alters distribution of a lipid selected from phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and galactosylceramide in plasma membrane of the cells, wherein a candidate which increases distribution of phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet of plasma membrane compared to control is selected as a modulator enhancing a function of the TMEM16 family member, and a candidate which decreases distribution of phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet of plasma membrane compared to control is selected as a modulator suppressing a function of the TMEM16 family member, and a candidate which increases distribution of phosphatidylcholine or galactosylceramide in the inner leaflet of plasma membrane compared to control is selected as a modulator enhancing a function of

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of screening a modulator of Xkr8, comprising the steps of: (1) contacting Xkr8-expressing cells with a candidate of the modulator, and (2) selecting the candidate when the candidate alters distribution of a phospholipid in plasma membrane of the cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening a modulator of a TMEM16 family member, which comprises the following steps: (1) treating cells expressing the TMEM16 family member with a candidate of the modulator, and (2) determining whether the candidate alters distribution of a lipid selected from phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and galactosylceramide in plasma membrane of the cells, wherein a candidate which increases distribution of phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet of plasma membrane compared to control is selected as a modulator enhancing a function of the TMEM16 family member, and a candidate which decreases distribution of phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet of plasma membrane compared to control is selected as a modulator suppressing a function of the TMEM16 family member, and a candidate which increases distribution of phosphatidylcholine or galactosylceramide in the inner leaflet of plasma membrane compared to control is selected as a modulator enhancing a function of

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a removal promoter for apoptotic cells which is capable of immediately removing apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or a removal inhibitor which inhibits the removal of apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages. A removal promoter for apoptotic cells in vivo containing the milk fat globule-EGF factor 8-L (MFG-E8-L), MFG-E8-L mutant having removal promotion action for apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or preferably a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L, or a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L mutant as an active ingredient is prepared. Such removal promoters specifically bind to apoptotic cells and promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages by recognizing aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cell surface. On the other hand, a point mutation (D89E) MFG-E8-L mutant is used as a removal inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a removal promoter for apoptotic cells which is capable of immediately removing apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or a removal inhibitor which inhibits the removal of apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages. A removal promoter for apoptotic cells in vivo containing the milk fat globule-EGF factor 8-L (MFG-E8-L), MFG-E8-L mutant having removal promotion action for apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or preferably a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L, or a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L mutant as an active ingredient is prepared. Such removal promoters specifically bind to apoptotic cells and promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages by recognizing aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cell surface. On the other hand, a point mutation (D89E) MFG-E8-L mutant is used as a removal inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a removal promoter for apoptotic cells which is capable of immediately removing apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or a removal inhibitor which inhibits the removal of apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages. A removal promoter for apoptotic cells in vivo containing the milk fat globule-EGF factor 8-L (MFG-E8-L), MFG-E8-L mutant having removal promotion action for apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or preferably a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L, or a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L mutant as an active ingredient is prepared. Such removal promoters specifically bind to apoptotic cells and promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages by recognizing aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cell surface. On the other hand, a point mutation (D89E) MFG-E8-L mutant is used as a removal inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a removal promoter for apoptotic cells which is capable of immediately removing apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or a removal inhibitor which inhibits the removal of apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages. A removal promoter for apoptotic cells in vivo containing the milk fat globule-EGF factor 8-L (MFG-E8-L), MFG-E8-L mutant having removal promotion action for apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or preferably a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L, or a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L mutant as an active ingredient is prepared. Such removal promoters specifically bind to apoptotic cells and promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages by recognizing aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cell surface. On the other hand, a point mutation (D89E) MFG-E8-L mutant is used as a removal inhibitor.

Abstract: This invention provides a polypeptide useful in the field of medicines, a DNA which encodes the novel polypeptide, a recombinant DNA molecule which contains the DNA, a transformant transformed with the DNA or the recombinant DNA molecule, a process for the purification of the polypeptide, a process for the production of the polypeptide, an antibody which recognizes the polypeptide, an oligonucleotide complementary to the DNA and a screening method. Particularly this invention provides a polypeptide, which is Fas ligand or a fragment thereof. This polypeptide can be used as an effective ingredient of a medicament for regulating the apoptosis in a living body. This polypeptide is obtained by identifying a DNA fragment, which encodes the polypeptide, transforming a desired host with a recombinant DNA molecule, which contains the DNA fragment, and purifying the polypeptide produced by the resulting transformant.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a removal promoter for apoptotic cells which is capable of immediately removing apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or a removal inhibitor which inhibits the removal of apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages. A removal promoter for apoptotic cells in vivo containing the milk fat globule-EGF factor 8-L (MFG-E8-L), MFG-E8-L mutant having removal promotion action for apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or preferably a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L, or a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L mutant as an active ingredient is prepared. Such removal promoters specifically bind to apoptotic cells and promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages by recognizing aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cell surface. On the other hand, a point mutation (D89E) MFG-E8-L mutant is used as a removal inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to methods of preventing and treating diseases wherein the involvement of apoptosis has been indicated.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a removal promoter for apoptotic cells which is capable of immediately removing apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or a removal inhibitor which inhibits the removal of apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages. A removal promoter for apoptotic cells in vivo containing the milk fat globule-EGF factor 8-L (MFG-E8-L), MFG-E8-L mutant having removal promotion action for apoptotic cells in vivo by macrophages, or preferably a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L, or a recombinant human or mouse MFG-E8-L mutant as an active ingredient is prepared. Such removal promoters specifically bind to apoptotic cells and promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages by recognizing aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cell surface. On the other hand, a point mutation (D89E) MFG-E8-L mutant is used as a removal inhibitor.

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure This invention provides a novel polypeptide useful in the field of medicines, a novel DNA which encodes the novel polypeptide, a recombinant DNA molecule which contains the novel DNA, a transformant transformed with the novel DNA or the recombinant DNA molecule, a process for the purification of the novel polypeptide, a process for the production of the novel polypeptide, an antibody which recognize the novel polypeptide, an oligonucleotide complementary to the novel DNA and a novel screening method. Particularly this invention provides a novel polypeptide which is Fas ligand or a fragment thereof. This novel polypeptide can be used as an effective ingredient of a medicament for regulating the apoptosis in a living body.