Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a plane display device in which a cathode panel having a plurality of electron emitting areas provided therein, and an anode panel having phosphor layers and an anode electrode provided therein are joined to each other in their peripheral portions, and a space defined between the cathode panel and the anode panel is kept at a vacuum, the plane display device, including: an exhaust tube made of a conductive material, the exhaust tube having one end portion communicating with the space, and the other end portion located outside the plane display device; and an elastic member made of a conductive material; in which the exhaust tube and the anode electrode are electrically connected to each other through the elastic member disposed in the space; and a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode electrode through the exhaust tube and the elastic member.

Abstract: Leaves of potato plants transformed with a vector that expresses an R7 immunogenic protein gene derived from second-generation schizonts of Leucocytozoon caulleryiwere administered to chickens as an oral vaccine. As a result, the present inventors succeeded in increasing the antibody titer of the chickens.

Abstract: A die grinder including a body having a longitudinal axis, and a grinding head portion with an output shaft capable of powered rotation. A motor is disposed in the body for rotating the output member. A locking interconnect portion attaches the grinding head portion to the body and is adapted to permit selective rotation of the grinding head portion relative to the body about the longitudinal axis of the body. Thus, the grinding head can be positioned at different selected angles relative to the body.

Abstract: A ratchet tool including a housing having a longitudinal axis, and a head having a ratchet mechanism with an output member capable of powered rotation. A motor is disposed in the housing for rotating the output member. A coupling attaches the head to the housing and is adapted to permit rotation of the head relative to the housing about the longitudinal axis of the housing. Thus, the head can be positioned at different selected angles relative to the housing.

Abstract: To an aqueous PTFE polymer emulsion having a PTFE content of from 10 to 50 mass % obtained by emulsion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of an anionic perfluorocarboxylate surfactant (APFC), from 2 to 20 mass %, based on the mass of PTFE, of a nonionic surfactant having an average molecular weight of from 450 to 800 and an inorganic/organic property ratio of from 1.07 to 1.50 and from 10 to 800 mass %, based on the mass of PTFE, of water are added to obtain an aqueous PTFE dispersion having a PTFE content of from 1 to 40 mass % of PTFE, and then PTFE is concentrated by sedimenting the PTFE and separating a PTFE-rich aqueous dispersion composition from the supernatant. According to the present invention, a PTFE-rich aqueous dispersion composition having a low APFC concentration can be obtained.

Abstract: To make it difficult to view streak unevenness in alignment generated at the boundary of alignment layers even when an alignment-layer material is applied onto a color-filter substrate several times to form an alignment layer. When an alignment-layer material is applied onto a color-filter substrate 1 having color filters (R, G, and B) on the surface with a droplet discharge head 3 to form an alignment-layer train 4a, the lateral front end L1 of the train 4a is formed on the color filter (B) displaying blue. When the alignment-layer material is then applied to the following alignment-layer application train to form an alignment-layer train 4b, the lateral rear end L2 of the train 4b is overlapped with the lateral front end L1 of the preceding alignment-layer train 4a to form an overlapped portion 4c.

Abstract: To make it difficult to view streak unevenness in alignment generated at the boundary of alignment layers even when an alignment-layer material is applied onto a color-filter substrate several times to form an alignment layer. When an alignment-layer material is applied onto a color-filter substrate 1 having color filters (R, G, and B) on the surface with a droplet discharge head 3 to form an alignment-layer train 4a, the lateral front end L1 of the train 4a is formed on the color filter (B) displaying blue. When the alignment-layer material is then applied to the following alignment-layer application train to form an alignment-layer train 4b, the lateral rear end L2 of the train 4b is overlapped with the lateral front end L1 of the preceding alignment-layer train 4a to form an overlapped portion 4c.

Abstract: Provided are a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer excellent in paste extrudability, which comprises a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on a monomer represented by a formula of CF2?CF—O—(CF2)nCF?CF2 (wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 6), wherein a content of the unit based on the monomer represented by the formula is from 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, wherein a particle size of a primary particle is from 0.1 to 0.5 ?m, wherein a standard specific gravity is from 2.14 to 2.25, wherein a paste extrusion pressure is from 24.5 to 73.5 MPa and wherein the copolymer remains not undergoing melt molding; a fine powder of a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer; and a production method and a paste extruded product thereof. The TFE copolymer is excellent in paste extrudability and the molded product thereof is excellent in heat resistance and transparency.

Abstract: A gas/liquid mixing equipment of the present invention comprises a stirring vessel 1, a stirring shaft 10 inserted horizontally in the stirring vessel 1 and a helical ribbon impeller 20 attached to the stirring shaft 10, whereby a high gas absorption performance can be secured even with low shearing. Further, a polymer can be produced with high productivity. A gas/liquid mixing method of the present invention is a method which comprises employing the above-mentioned gas/liquid mixing equipment, and a method for producing a polymer of the present invention is a method which comprises polymerizing feed monomers containing gaseous monomers in aqueous solvents, wherein the gaseous monomers and the aqueous solvents are mixed by such a gas/liquid mixing method. A polymer of the present invention is produced by the above-mentioned method for producing a polymer.

Abstract: Provided is a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on a monomer represented by CF2?CFORf1Rf2 (where Rf1 is a polyfluoroalkylene group which may contain an etheric oxygen atom and Rf2 is a polyfluorocycloalkyl group which may contain an etheric oxygen atom), wherein a content of the latter is from 0.005 to 0.5% by mass. The tetrafluoroethylene copolymer is excellent both in paste extrudability and in heat resistance, has characteristics such as excellent transparency of a molded product, and is suitably applicable to paste extrusion and compression molding.

Abstract: The system is a self-oxidation internal heating steam reforming system for conducting self-oxidation of a raw material gas under the presence of oxygen and conducting steam reforming to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed gas. The system includes a steam generator including a combustion section for combusting an air-fuel mixture obtained by mixing a combustion air with a fuel, thereby heating water using a combustion gas generated in the combustion section to generate hydrogen; a first sucking-mixer for sucking the raw material gas into a steam stream coming from the steam generator to obtain a raw material-steam mixture; and a reformer for oxidizing the raw material gas in the raw material-steam mixture by an oxygen-containing gas supplied from outside, thereby conducting steam reforming of the raw material gas using the reaction heat of the oxidation to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed gas.

Abstract: The method and apparatus are provided for preparing a slurry for a CMP apparatus with which mixing accuracy for a slurry is improved and accurate measurement is automatically accomplished for H2O2 as a small amount of additive. A slurry preparation apparatus for a CMP apparatus comprises a tank for preparing the slurry, a stock solution feeder for the slurry which feeds a stock solution for the slurry into the tank, and a concentration measurement instrument located outside the tank, which is capable of measuring an additive concentration in the slurry in the tank. The concentration measurement instrument measures the additive concentration in the slurry in the tank, and the amount of the stock solution for the slurry to be supplied is controlled according to the measurements.

Abstract: Provided is a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on a monomer represented by CF2?CFORf1Rf2 (where Rf1 is a polyfluoroalkylene group which may contain an etheric oxygen atom and Rf2 is a polyfluorocycloalkyl group which may contain an etheric oxygen atom), wherein a content of the latter is from 0.005 to 0.5% by mass. The tetrafluoroethylene copolymer is excellent both in paste extrudability and in heat resistance, has characteristics such as excellent transparency of a molded product, and is suitably applicable to paste extrusion and compression molding.

Abstract: An improved acoustic characteristic adjustment device comprises signal processing units including high frequency convolution arithmetic sections, low frequency convolution arithmetic sections, and delay sections. The device further comprises: an operation section from which a listener inputs a target characteristic in order to adjust a desired acoustic characteristic; an impulse characteristic control section; and a delay time control section. The impulse characteristic control section calculates impulse response data to effect convolution arithmetics. The delay time control section calculates alignment delay times necessary for sounds emitted from the speakers to reach a listening position. The delay time control section also calculates correction times for compensating various phase deviations. Times obtained by correcting the alignment delay times with the correction times are set as the delay times of the delay sections, respectively.

Abstract: To make it difficult to view streak unevenness in alignment generated at the boundary of alignment layers even when an alignment-layer material is applied onto a color-filter substrate several times to form an alignment layer. When an alignment-layer material is applied onto a color-filter substrate 1 having color filters (R, G, and B) on the surface with a droplet discharge head 3 to form an alignment-layer train 4a, the lateral front end L1 of the train 4a is formed on the color filter (B) displaying blue. When the alignment-layer material is then applied to the following alignment-layer application train to form an alignment-layer train 4b, the lateral rear end L2 of the train 4b is overlapped with the lateral front end L1 of the preceding alignment-layer train 4a to form an overlapped portion 4c.

Abstract: Provided are a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer excellent in paste extrudability, which comprises a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on a monomer represented by a formula of CF2?CF—O—(CF2)nCF?CF2 (wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 6), wherein a content of the unit based on the monomer represented by the formula is from 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, wherein a particle size of a primary particle is from 0.1 to 0.5 ?m, wherein a standard specific gravity is from 2.14 to 2.25, wherein a paste extrusion pressure is from 24.5 to 73.5 MPa and wherein the copolymer remains not undergoing melt molding; a fine powder of a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer; and a production method and a paste extruded product thereof. The TFE copolymer is excellent in paste extrudability and the molded product thereof is excellent in heat resistance and transparency.

Abstract: To an aqueous PTFE polymer emulsion having a PTFE content of from 10 to 50 mass % obtained by emulsion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of an anionic perfluorocarboxylate surfactant (APFC), from 2 to 20 mass %, based on the mass of PTFE, of a nonionic surfactant having an average molecular weight of from 450 to 800 and an inorganic/organic property ratio of from 1.07 to 1.50 and from 10 to 800 mass %, based on the mass of PTFE, of water are added to obtain an aqueous PTFE dispersion having a PTFE content of from 1 to 40 mass % of PTFE, and then PTFE is concentrated by sedimenting the PTFE and separating a PTFE-rich aqueous dispersion composition from the supernatant. According to the present invention, a PTFE-rich aqueous dispersion composition having a low APFC concentration can be obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing a tetrafluoroethylene polymer, which comprises polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a dispersant, a stabilizer and a polymerization initiator, wherein the polymerization initiator is a redox polymerization initiator comprising a halogen acid salt YXO3/a sulfite Z2SO3 wherein X is a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, Y is a hydrogen atom, ammonium, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and Z is ammonium, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. By this process, it is possible to obtain a tetrafluoroethylene polymer which is suitable for a stretching operation after paste extrusion.

Abstract: A process for producing a tetrafluoroethylene polymer, which comprises polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a water-soluble initiator, wherein the water used for the polymerization is regulated to have a TOC of 100 ppb or lower and/or an electrical conductivity of 1.0 &mgr;S/cm or lower. When this process for producing a tetrafluoroethylene polymer is employed, a decrease or fluctuation in the polymerization rate during the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene will be minimal, and a deterioration in the physical properties of the obtained tetrafluoroethylene polymer will be minimal.

Abstract: A tetrafluoroethylene polymer is produced by polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of an aqueous medium and a polymerization initiator, wherein the content of impurities (e.g. a saturated compound such as CH2F2 or CHF3 and an unsaturated compound such as CF2═CFH, CF2═CH2, CF2═CFCl or CF2═CHCl) in the tetrafluoroethylene is not more than 100 ppm. By this method, PTFE which is uniform and stretchable at a high stretch ratio and which is excellent in the fibrillation property and has a high break strength, can be obtained.