Abstract: An electron-emitting apparatus is constituted by an electron-emitting device having an electroconductive film including electron-emitting portions, and an electrode for attracting electrons. An electrically insulated elongated region is formed in the electroconductive film to divide the film into a higher potential side and a lower potential side. The insulated region has a substantially periodical shape formed of portions projecting to the higher potential side and portions projecting to the lower potential side. Continuous electron-emitting portions are present at at least part of the portion projecting to the higher potential side in one period of the insulated region.

Abstract: A method of detecting a position of the substrate with respect to a particular direction, wherein the substrate has first and second patterns of different sizes in the particular direction and has a surface layer formed thereon includes the steps of detecting the first and second patterns to produce first and second data related to the position of the substrate; and predicting, by using the first and second data and the sizes of the first and second patterns in the particular direction, the position of the substrate as determined when the pattern size in the particular direction is sufficiently small.