Abstract: A cleaning unit having a brush roll with a myriad of slidingly scrubbing bristles upright relative to a rotation shaft for slidingly scrubbing the surface of a rotation body with the brush roll for removing toner deposited on the rotation body. When the brush roll is out of contact with the rotation body, the tips of the slidingly scrubbing bristles are inclined in the circumferential direction and when the brush roll is placed in contact with the rotation body, the brush roll does not rotate by itself and is rotated with rotation of the rotation body. The linear speed of the brush roll at the contact position is made different from that of the rotation body.

Abstract: In an image recording apparatus, the surface of an image carrier is formed of a material having a high affinity to particulates the particle size of which is smaller than toner and the surfaces of which have been treated to be hydrophobic, so that a layer of the particulates treated to be hydrophobic is retained on the surface of the image carrier.

Abstract: A charging member 2a of a charger 2 is disposed under the effect of a magnetic field produced by a magnetic field production member 4b of a developing device 4 and is made of a nonmagnetic material. The charger 2 comprises the charging member 2a and a removal member 2b disposed in contact with an photoreceptor 1 in the upstream of the charging member 2a, the removal member 2b for removing a deposit on the photoreceptor 1 and the charging member 2a is disposed under the effect of a magnetic field produced by the magnetic field production member 4b of the developing device 4 and is made of a nonmagnetic material. On the other hand, the removal member 2b is disposed under the effect of a magnetic field produced by the magnetic field production member 4b of the developing device 4 and is made of a magnetic material.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer member to which a toner image is transferred, a transfer roll for transferring the toner image from the intermediate transfer member onto a recording sheet, a brush roll for removing the residual toner from the intermediate transfer member, and a toner collecting device for collecting the toner attached to the surface of the transfer roll. In the apparatus, an axial length of the intermediate transfer member is longer than that of the brush roll, and the axial length of each of the transfer roll and the toner collecting device is longer than that of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: A cleaning unit having a brush roll with a myriad of slidingly scrubbing bristles upright relative to a rotation shaft for slidingly scrubbing the surface of a rotation body with the brush roll for removing toner deposited on the rotation body. When the brush roll is out of contact with the rotation body, the tips of the slidingly scrubbing bristles are inclined in the circumferential direction and when the brush roll is placed in contact with the rotation body, the brush roll does not rotate by itself and is rotated with rotation of the rotation body. The linear speed of the brush roll at the contact position is made different from that of the rotation body.

Abstract: In an image recording apparatus, the surface of an image carrier is formed of a material having a high affinity to particulates the particle size of which is smaller than toner and the surfaces of which have been treated to be hydrophobic, so that a layer of the particulates treated to be hydrophobic is retained on the surface of the image carrier.

Abstract: A plate making film has a layer provided on a transparent substrate, the layer consisting essentially of a polymeric compound composed of a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): &Brketopenst;AXAR1&Brketclosest;  (1) where A is x, y and z each denote an integer of 1 or more, X is a residue of an organic compound having 2 active hydrogen groups, Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and R1 is a dicarboxylic acid compound residue, or a diisocyanate compound residue. On the plate making film, an image is formed, preferably, by ink jets using, preferably, a plate making ink containing a mono- or disazo dye which is a yellow dye highly ultraviolet absorbing properties for a wavelength of 350 to 450 nm. An inexpensive, high resolution, high grade photomask for plate making is produced thereby.

Abstract: A plate making film has a layer provided on a transparent substrate, the layer consisting essentially of a polymeric compound composed of a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1):

Abstract: A toner image transfer apparatus for transferring a toner image formed on an intermediate transfer belt onto a recording sheet includes an environment sensor and a control panel for detecting or inputting a factor influencing the transfer of the toner image, a calculation unit for determining an initial transfer bias used for the transfer of the toner image on the basis of the above input value, and a transfer unit for inputting a correction value for correcting the initial transfer bias from the control panel and determining the corrected transfer bias on the basis of the correction value to transfer the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt onto the recording sheet by the corrected transfer bias.

Abstract: An image forming system adopting a dual-component developing system-for forming on an image carrier a toner image. The image forming system includes a charge unit for uniformly charging a surface of the image carrier, a developing magnet roll for giving a bias potential to toner, a switching device, such as a bipolar transistor, connected to a PWM image signal, a charge accumulating device, connected to the switching device, for accumulating charges, a total charge amount detection circuit for determining the total amount of charges, and a prediction device for predicting the total consumption of toner depending on the total amount of determined charges.

Abstract: A rotary developing device which facilitates a positional adjustment of developing units and prevents the developing units from being shifted even when they are used for a long period. Pins protruding from a revolver are inserted into elongated holes formed in developing units so that developing units are held in such a manner that the developing units are movable relative to the revolver. By mounting a spacer between the elongated hole and the pin, the positional adjustment of the photosensitive drum and the tracking roller is completed. Furthermore, a plurality of spacers which differ in thickness are prepared and by merely selectively mounting an appropriate spacer, the position adjustment of the tracking roller is completed.

Abstract: An image forming system adopting a dual-component inversion developing system for forming on an image carrier a toner patch image used for detecting an image concentration and controlling an image forming condition such as toner concentration based on the concentration of the toner patch image. The image forming system includes a charge unit for uniformly charging a surface of the image carrier, a developing magnet roll supplied with a developing bias, and a patch forming unit for selecting voltage application conditions to the charge unit and the developing magnet roll so as to reverse the bias potential relationship between the developing magnet roll and a charge potential of the image carrier and forming a first toner patch image at a contrast potential between the charge potential of the image carrier and the bias potential.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to obtain a multicolor image formation device wherein the defect of an image caused in switching developing machines and others can be prevented. A yellow latent image is formed by scanning a light beam on a photoconductor drum and developing is started by a developing machine for yellow. A developed yellow toner image is transferred on an intermediate transfer belt. Even if the transfer of the yellow toner image is finished, the developing machine for yellow is held a state opposite to the photoconductor drum. The developing machine for yellow is switched to a developing machine for magenta immediately before the scanning of a light beam corresponding to next magenta is started. Therefore, the defect of an image due to the effect of oscillation in switching the developing machines can be prevented.

Abstract: A navigation apparatus stores road data which are formed by a network of internally stored road links and traveling costs corresponding to the respective ones of the internal road links. When the navigation apparatus receives traffic information corresponding to a specific external road link which is set for communication of traffic information, the apparatus identifies one or more internal links or portions thereof corresponding to the external link for which traffic information has been received, and the stored traveling costs are updated, on the basis of a conversion table. The traveling cost for an internal road link corresponding to a specific external link which is closed to traffic is updated to ".infin.". The apparatus searches for and identifies a route between an origin and a destination based on the updated traveling costs and the network of the road links. The internal links do not need to correspond directly to the external links, but rather may include more branch points for example.

Abstract: A vehicle navigation apparatus for producing navigation information about a set of road maps, the starting position, current position and destination of a vehicle, a first optimum travel route having the vehicle travel to the destination from the starting position with a shortest driving time interval, and a second optimum travel route having the vehicle travel to the destination from the current position with a shortest driving time interval. The second optimum travel route includes a return travel route having a leading route end junction connected to the first optimum travel route and a trailing end point representative of the current position, and a detour travel route having a detour starting point where the vehicle starts to detour from the first optimum travel route and a detour ending point where the vehicle returns to the first optimum travel route.

Abstract: In a separate type infrared intruder-detection system consisting of an infrared beam projector and an infrared detector, the infrared detector is provided with a signal transmitter for transmitting an output level of the infrared detector, while the infrared beam projector is provided with a signal receiver for receiving a signal transmitted by the signal transmitter. These additionally equipped signal transmitter and signal receiver make it possible to achieve an initial beam-axis adjustment operation by one installation operator.

Abstract: A stator for a rotary machine is produced by a method which includes the steps of: mounting terminal pins to one end of a main core unit which has teeth protruding from its outside; winding the beginning part of a coil wire around one of the terminal pins, and then winding the coil wire around a plurality of adjoining teeth to form a coil and repeating the formation of a coil until a predetermined number of coils are obtained on the outside of the main core unit, and thereafter winding the ending part of the coil wire around one of the other terminal pins; fitting a ring unit on the outside of the main core unit while these units are respectively kept in appropriate shapes by adjusting members; and inserting wedge members between the outside of the coils and protrusions formed on the outer ends of the teeth.