Abstract: A member for electrophotography having a multilayer structure or a single-layer structure, including an outermost layer which satisfies the following A, B and C: A: the outermost layer has perfluoropolyether and a binder resin, and in the outermost layer, the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms is 0.10 or more and 0.40 or less; B: in a 19F-NMR spectrum of the outermost layer, the relaxation time T2 of a peak derived from CF2 moieties of perfluoropolyether is 13 milliseconds or more at 22° C.; and C: the total sum of the contents of CF3 moieties, CF2 moieties, and CF moieties in the binder resin is 5% by mass or less.

Abstract: A member for electrophotography having a multilayer structure or a single-layer structure, including an outermost layer which satisfies the following A, B and C: A: the outermost layer has perfluoropolyether and a binder resin, and in the outermost layer, the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms is 0.10 or more and 0.40 or less; B: in a 19F-NMR spectrum of the outermost layer, the relaxation time T2 of a peak derived from CF2 moieties of perfluoropolyether is 13 milliseconds or more at 22° C.; and C: the total sum of the contents of CF3 moieties, CF2 moieties, and CF moieties in the binder resin is 5% by mass or less.

Abstract: A charging device includes a corona charger for electrically charging a photosensitive member; a shutter, having first surfaces at which the shutter opposes the corona charger and having second surfaces at which the shutter opposes the photosensitive member, for covering and uncovering an opening of the corona charger with respect to a longitudinal direction of the opening; and a retracting device for retracting the shutter when the opening is uncovered. The retracting device retracts the shutter in a state in which the first surfaces contact each other so that the first surfaces and the second surfaces do not contact each other.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a belt member, a toner image forming device, a stretching member for stretching the belt member, and a transfer member for transferring a toner image onto a recording material. The image forming apparatus also includes a fur brush for electrostatically cleaning the transfer member, a controller for controlling an electric field formed between the transfer member and the stretching member, and an executing portion for executing an ejecting operation for forming a second toner image in the form of a band which is not transferred onto the recording material. When the executing portion executes the ejecting operation, and the second toner image passes through the transfer portion, the controller forms an electric field having an absolute value which is smaller than an electric field for transferring the first toner image onto the recording material, and the fur brush electrostatically cleans said transfer member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member bearing a normal toner image and a toner pattern; toner image forming means for forming the normal toner image in an image area of the image bearing member and for forming the toner pattern in a non-image-area of the image bearing member; an intermediary transfer member contactable to the image bearing member to form a primary transfer portion for primary transfer, in the primary transfer portion, of the normal toner image from the image bearing member, wherein the toner pattern on the intermediary transfer member is carried to the primary transfer portion; a primary transfer member for transferring the toner image onto the intermediary transfer member from the image bearing member; a secondary transfer member contacted to the image bearing member to form a secondary transfer portion for transferring the normal toner image passing through the secondary transfer portion; toner removing means for removing toner from the secondary transfer member; toner

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner image forming means for forming a toner image on a belt member, a stretching member that stretches the inside of the belt member, a transfer member, a fur brush, and a controller. The transfer member presses against the stretching member through the belt member, forming a transfer portion for transferring a first toner image onto a recording material. The controller applies a first voltage of a predetermined polarity to the stretching member to transfer the first tone image onto the recording material. During an ejecting operation, the toner image forming member forms a second toner image which is not transferred to the recording material, and the stretching member is supplied with a second voltage that has the predetermined polarity and an absolute value smaller that an absolute value of the first voltage, and subsequently the fur brush electrostatically cleans the transfer member.

Abstract: A charging device includes a corona charger for electrically charging a photosensitive member; a shutter, having first surfaces at which the shutter opposes the corona charger and having second surfaces at which the shutter opposes the photosensitive member, for covering and uncovering an opening of the corona charger with respect to a longitudinal direction of the opening; and a retracting device for retracting the shutter when the opening is uncovered. The retracting device retracts the shutter in a state in which the first surfaces contact each other so that the first surfaces and the second surfaces do not contact each other.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus of this invention includes an image bearing member which bears a toner image; a toner image forming device which forms a plurality of the toner images on the image bearing member continuously; a transfer device which transfers the toner image on the image bearing member to a recording material; a cleaning web which wipes off toner remaining on the image bearing member after the toner image is transferred to the recording material; and a separating unit which separates the web from the image bearing member when the toner image forming means is forming a plurality of the toner images on the image bearing member continuously.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member bearing a normal toner image and a toner pattern; toner image forming means for forming the normal toner image in an image area of the image bearing member and for forming the toner pattern in a non-image-area of the image bearing member; an intermediary transfer member contactable to the image bearing member to form a primary transfer portion for primary transfer, in the primary transfer portion, of the normal toner image from the image bearing member, wherein the toner pattern on the intermediary transfer member is carried to the primary transfer portion; a primary transfer member for transferring the toner image onto the intermediary transfer member from the image bearing member; a secondary transfer member contacted to the image bearing member to form a secondary transfer portion for transferring the normal toner image passing through the secondary transfer portion; toner removing means for removing toner from the secondary transfer member; toner

Abstract: The image forming apparatus of this invention comprises: an image bearing member which bears a toner image; a toner image forming means which forms a plurality of the toner images on the image bearing member continuously; a transfer means which transfers the toner image on the image bearing member to a recording material; a cleaning web which wipes off toner remaining on the image bearing member after the toner image is transferred to the recording material; and a separating unit which separates the image bearing member cleaning member from the image bearing member when the toner image forming means is forming a plurality of the toner images on the image bearing member continuously.