Abstract: A semiconductor module comprises a first member including a semiconductor substrate made of a compound semiconductor and a first electronic circuit on the semiconductor substrate is mounted on a mounting surface of a module substrate, and a second member including a semiconductor layer formed of a single semiconductor thinner than the semiconductor substrate of the first member and a second electronic circuit on the semiconductor layer is bonded to an upper surface of the first member. First and second pads are respectively connected to the first electronic circuit on the first member and the second electronic circuit on the second member. A first wire connects the first pad and a substrate side pad. A second wire connects the second pad and a substrate side pad. An inter-member connection wire made of a conductor film on the first and second members connects the first and second electronic circuits.

Abstract: Described are methods and products related to the identification of multiple sclerosis (MS) as a transmissible protein misfolding disorder. Data is presented to support the position that the transmissible protein is an abnormal prion protein conformer (PrPMS). Methods are described for identifying a subject having, or at risk of developing, multiple sclerosis (MS) based on determining the presence or absence of PrPMS in a sample from the subject. The presence of the abnormal prion protein conformer in the sample is indicative of the subject having MS or an increased risk of developing MS. Also described are therapeutics methods for the treatment of MS as well as cell cultures, non-human animal models and biological samples thereof useful for the study of MS.

Abstract: A method of detecting a disease associated with abnormal protein aggregation in a subject is provided, the method comprising (a) contacting leukocytes from the subject with a probe that binds to pathogenic protein aggregates, and (b) detecting the probe bound to the pathogenic protein aggregates, wherein the presence of pathogenic protein aggregates in the leukocytes is indicative that the subject has a disease associated with abnormal protein aggregation. In one embodiment, the disease is Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment.

Abstract: A method of detecting a disease associated with abnormal protein aggregation in a subject is provided, the method comprising (a) contacting non-plasma blood elements from the subject with a probe that binds to pathogenic protein aggregates, and (b) detecting the probe bound to the pathogenic protein aggregates, wherein the presence of pathogenic protein aggregates in the non-plasma blood elements is indicative that the subject has a disease associated with abnormal protein aggregation. In one embodiment, the disease is Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment or traumatic brain injury.

Abstract: A method of detecting a disease associated with abnormal protein aggregation in a subject is provided, the method comprising (a) contacting leukocytes from the subject with a probe that binds to pathogenic protein aggregates, and (b) detecting the probe bound to the pathogenic protein aggregates, wherein the presence of pathogenic protein aggregates in the leukocytes is indicative that the subject has a disease associated with abnormal protein aggregation. In one embodiment, the disease is Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment.