Abstract: There is a film image information reading apparatus called a film scanner. This apparatus comprises: a lighting optical system to illuminate a film document; a photoelectric conversion element, such as a CCD to convert the image information of the film document into the electric signal; and an adjusting circuit to adjust the output of the photoelectrical conversion element such that a predetermined density of the film document is output as an output of almost the saturation level of that element. The predetermined density is the color density of the base color of a negative film. The adjusting circuit may control the charge storage period, gain, or output level of the photoelectric conversion element. With this apparatus, the positive image can be easily derived by reversing the negative image without considering the base color of the negative film and the image signal of a high quality can be obtained.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus and method in which an object is imaged to produce signals and the signals are divided into groups according to areas of the image having edges of high spatial frequency, i.e., large change in same-color characteristics. The signals in selected areas are changed to produce a reproduced image with desired color effects. For example, an edge may be detected in the original image, and the division of the image into areas effected by a closed curve using the edge. The subsequent processing may include changing a color characteristic of at least one of the areas. The color characteristic might, for example, be an average of various values of that characteristic throughout the area in question. The identification of a high-spatial-frequency area can be performed in various ways, e.g., by summing edge components of the original image which extend in a plurality of directions.

Abstract: An image data reading apparatus includes a photoelectric conversion device for converting image data on an original into electric signals, a light source for illuminating the original, a detector for detecting the shading correction values for the light source and the photoelectric conversion device, and an image processor for effecting shading correction on the video data output from the photoelectric conversion device with the shading correction value detected by the correction value detector.

Abstract: A reinforcing laminate for use in a carcass or a belt of a heavy duty pneumatic radial tire comprises plural reinforcing layers piled one upon the other, each containing cords substantially arranged in parallel to each other and covered with a coating rubber, wherein the cords of the adjoining reinforcing layers are arranged in parallel to each other and the pitch between the cords in one of the reinforcing layers is shifted by an approximately half pitch from that of the other reinforcing layer.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is capable of reading an original image with an arbitrary image magnification, by projecting an original image onto a linear image sensor through an optical system of a variable image magnification, and moving the original image with respect to the image sensor with a speed corresponding to the selected image magnification of the optical system.

Abstract: A heavy duty pneumatic radial tire for use in airplanes and the like is disclosed, which comprises a toroidal radial carcass, a belt superimposed about a crown region of the carcass, and a bead portion reinforcement comprised of a main chafer made from aromatic polyamide fiber cords, and an auxiliary chafer of at least two outer cord layers and at least two inner cord layers having a triangular truss structure defined by three cord layers among such four cord layers that the cords of the two outer cord layers are crossed with each other with respect to the meridional plane of the tire and the cords of the two inner cord layers are crossed with each other with respect to the meridional plane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition for determining .beta.-hydroxybutyric acid, usable for doctors, nurses, and patients themselves simply and quickly without use of special instruments, and also relates to a method for preparing the said composition.The composition of the invention oxidizes .beta.-hydroxybutyric acid under alkaline conditions and the presence of nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by .beta.-hydroxybutyric acid dehydrogenase, and the produced reduction-type NAD (NADH) reduces tetrazolium salt through an electron carrier to produce formazan developing color. The composition permits accurate measurement quickly and simply, and has excellent conservative stability, because it is a uniform solid-phase composition prepared by applying reagents necessary for the reaction of film impermeable to water together with a natural or synthesized film forming polymer.

Abstract: In an engine valve comprising a valve body of an iron base material, a Stellite or similar alloy is clad on the body using a laser beam with a sufficient energy to form a cladding layer as a valve face such that the iron from the body-forming iron base material is diffused into the cladding layer throughout its thickness through an interface layer between the cladding layer and the valve body, whereby the cladding layer has 5 to 15 wt % of iron diffused and the interface layer has an iron content continuously decreasing from the iron content of the body-forming iron base material to that of the cladding layer.

Abstract: A heavy duty pneumatic radial tire for use in airplanes and the like is disclosed, which comprises a toroidal radial carcass, a belt superimposed about a crown region of the carcass and composed of at least three cord layers, and a bead portion reinforcement consisting of a stiffener composed of a hard rubber stock and a soft rubber stock, a main chafer made from aromatic polyamide fiber cords, and an auxiliary chafer of at least two cord layers covering the outside of said main chafer and at least one cord layer arranged along the inside of the turnup portion as an inner cord layer, and having such a triangular truss structure that cords of at least two cord layers are arranged at inclination angles of 65.degree..about.90.degree. and 35.degree..about.55.degree. with respect to the meridional plane of the tire, respectively, and cords of the remaining cord layer are arranged at an inclination angle of -50.degree..about.70.degree. with respect to the meridional plane.

Abstract: An alternator rotor has a rotor shaft formed integrally on the center of a rotary magnetic pole assembly having a field coil wound thereon. The rotor shaft has an axial hole formed in one end surface thereof such as to extend axially inwardly and to receive a slip ring supporting shaft. The alternator rotor further has a slip ring assembly, including a couple of slip rings, conductor wires leading from the slip rings, respectively, and the slip ring supporting shaft, which are formed in one body by molding with an insulating material. The slip ring assembly is fixed to the rotor shaft, with the slip ring supporting shaft press-fitted in the axial hole of the rotor shaft.

Abstract: .alpha.-(S)-amino acid..alpha.-phenylethanesulfonate compounds and methods of optical resolution of .alpha.-amino acids and .alpha.-phenylethanesulfonic acids are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the optical resolution of a p-hydroxyphenylglycine salt with simultaneous racemization of the undesired enantiomer thereof. The invention is carried out by preferential crystallizing out the desired enantiomer from a supersaturated solution of the racemic modification thereof in a lower aliphatic acid in the presence of an aliphatic or aromatic aldehyde.

Abstract: p-Hydroxyphenylglycine..alpha.-phenylethanesulfonate which is useful for the production of optically active p-hydroxyphenylglycine and optically active .alpha.-phenylethanesulfonic acid is disclosed. p-Hydroxyphenylglycine..alpha.-phenylethanesulfonate is produced by either reacting DL-p-hydroxyphenylglycine with optically active .alpha.-phenylethanesulfonic acid or reacting (.+-.)-.alpha.-phentylethanesulfonic acid with optically active p-hydroxyphenylglycine to form two diastereomers of DL-p-hydroxyphenylglycine optically active .alpha.-phenylethanesulfonate or optically active p-hydroxyphenylglycine (.+-.)-.alpha.-phenylethanesulfonate, and isolating one diastereomer according to the difference between solubilities of the diastereomers, optionally, combining selective crystallization of one diastereomer and epimerization of another diastereomer in the case of reaction of DL-p-hydroxyphenylglycine and optically active .alpha.-phenylethanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: DL-.alpha.-amino acids or a salt thereof can be obtained by racemizing an optically active .alpha.-amino acid or a salt thereof in the presence of an aliphatic acid and an aldehyde.

Abstract: A composition and test piece or dipstick for measuring the glucose concentration in body fluids such as urine, spinal fluid and blood. The composition includes a glucose oxidase, a peroxidase a N,N'-tetramethyldiaminophenylmethane and guaiac.

Abstract: Seed crystals of an optically active enantiomer of any one of p-hydroxyphenylglycine benzenesulfonate, p-hydroxyphenylglycine p-ethylbenzenesulfonate, p-hydroxyphenylglycine o-toluenesulfonate or p-hydroxyphenylglycine sulfosalicylate are added to a supersaturated solution of the racemic modification of the corresponding p-hydroxyphenylglycine salt. Crystallization of the optically active enantiomer results. Then, the crystals are recovered. Alternatively, crystals of the optically active enantiomer may be added to a hot solution of the racemic modification of the corresponding p-hydroxyphenylglycine salt to produce a supersaturated solution thereof. The solution is then cooled to crystallize out the optically active enantiomer. Optically active p-hydroxyphenylglycine benzenesulfonate, optically active p-hydroxyphenylglycine p-ethylbenzenesulfonate, optically active p-hydroxyphenylglycine o-toluenesulfonate or optically active p-hydroxyphenylglycine sulfosalicylate is thereby obtained.

Abstract: A rotor for use in an induction type a.c. generator and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed. The rotor comprises pole pieces having pointed ends at their peripheries, the pointed ends of one pole piece and the pointed ends of the other pole piece alternating in position and serving as, alternately, north and south magnetic poles; a core or yoke disposed between the pole pieces to magnetically coupling the pole pieces; an insulating bobbin disposed on the core or yoke and between the pole pieces; and an exciting coil wound on the bobbin cylindrically. The core or yoke is in the shape of a barrel and the insulating bobbin is forcibly mounted on the barrel-shaped core by the application of pressure.

Abstract: A control device which controls a plurality of controlled devices by time shared control in a microprogram control system and has one control memory, a plurality of microinstruction registers, the outputs of which are applied to the controlled devices, circuits for memorizing microinstruction execution requests corresponding to microinstruction type and the controlled devices, and a selecting circuit for selecting a microinstruction register for storing a microinstruction read out from said control memory in each machine cycle and the controlled devices to be controlled. The field of the microinstruction indicates the execution and type of the next microinstruction after the next machine cycle to a given controlled device.

Abstract: A method and device for testing a liquid such as urine for obtaining at least qualitative, but also quantitative, if desired, information in connection with a substance which may be present in the liquid. A reference body and at least one test body are dipped into and removed from the liquid which is to be tested, a suitable means being connected with the bodies to facilitate the dipping thereof into and the removal thereof from the liquid. The test body is capable of giving a color indication in connection with the substance while the reference body has characteristics substantially identical with those of the test cody except that the reference body is incapable of giving a color indication in connection with the substance. Thus, after removal of the bodies from the liquid the reflectivities thereof may be compared so as to give at least a qualitative, but also a quantitative, if desired, indication of the substance in connection with the liquid which is tested.

Abstract: Seed crystals of one optically active enantiomer of 6-chlorotryptophan methanesulfonate or 6-chlorotryptophan benzenesulfonate are added to a supersaturated solution of DL-6-chlorotryptophan methanesulfonate or DL-6-chlorotryptophan benzenesulfonate. Crystallization of the optically active enantiomer results. The crystals are recovered. Alternatively, crystals of the optically active enantiomer may be added to a hot solution of DL-6-chlorotryptophan methanesulfonate or DL-6-chlorotryptophan benzenesulfonate to produce a supersaturated solution. The solution is then cooled to crystallize out the optically active enantiomer. Optically active 6-chlorotryptophan is prepared by treating optically active 6-chlorotryptophan methanesulfonate or 6-chlorotryptophan benzenesulfonate with an alkaline agent or an ion exchange resin.