Abstract: Provided is an interactive apparatus that controls the output of sensitive information depending on the circumstances and that is highly useful.

Abstract: A transparent substrate for an optical engine of a rear-projection television receiver or a liquid crystal image projector, in particular, for protecting an original image forming panel of the optical engine, the transparent substrate characterized by being formed from a transparent highly-thermal-conductive cubic polycrystal plate, exhibiting good transmission of light or the like, good thermal conductivity, and good operability, and a rear-projection television receiver including the transparent substrate. It is favorable that the transparent substrate formed from the transparent highly-thermal-conductive cubic polycrystal and provided with a coating layer on a surface is used. Preferably, the coating layer is a multilayer. It is favorable that the material for the coating is at least two types selected from metal fluorides, metal oxides, and zinc compounds. The optical transparency is improved and the environmental stability is also improved by the coating.

Abstract: An on-vehicle DC-DC converter prevents radio disturbance in a car radio, while simplifying the filters on the input side and the output side of the DC-DC converter. The on-vehicle DC-DC converter, which converts the voltage of a first DC power supply to the voltage of a second power supply, provides a switching frequency that is obtained by reducing the oscillation frequency of a quartz oscillator and can be set at 135 kHz for use with AM broadcasts having the frequency interval of 10 kHz or set at (n+0.5) times as high as the frequency interval of 9 kHz for use with AM broadcasts having the frequency interval of 9 kHz, between the adjacent AM broadcast waves receivable by a car radio mounted on a vehicle, n being a positive integer.

Abstract: A non-insulating DC—DC converter is formed of a first semiconductor switching element for reducing a DC voltage from a high-voltage battery, a control circuit connected to the first semiconductor switch element for controlling pulses relative to the first semiconductor switching element, a second semiconductor switching element provided on an output side of the first semiconductor element, a capacitor connected between the first and second semiconductor switching elements in parallel, and a first control circuit connected to one end of the capacitor and an output side of the second semiconductor switching element. The first control circuit detects a voltage at the one end of the capacitor and a voltage on the output side of the second semiconductor switching element, and turns off the second semiconductor switching element if an overvoltage occurs at the one end of the capacitor. The damage of the internal elements due to an overvoltage or a reverse current is prevented.

Abstract: A switch circuit comprising a semiconductor switch and an inverse-parallel diode is connected between a main electricity storage unit 4 and a primary winding 142P of an insulating transformer 142 and a switch circuit including a semiconductor switch and a diode is connected in inverse-parallel between a secondary winding 142S of the insulating transformer 142 and an auxiliary electricity storage unit 10. The switch circuits are controlled on/off, whereby power is supplied from the main electricity storage unit 4 to the auxiliary electricity storage unit 10 or from the auxiliary electricity storage unit 10 to the main electricity storage unit 4 for charging the electricity storage unit 10 or 4.

Abstract: An electric system for an electric vehicle includes a voltage type inverter that receives dc input voltage from a dc input circuit, and generates variable ac voltage of a variable frequency, and an ac motor including a plurality of windings each of which has one end connected to an ac output terminal of the voltage type inverter, the other ends of the windings being connected together to provide a neutral point of motor windings. A variable-voltage energy storage element is connected between the neutral point and a connecting point provided in the dc input circuit, and an on-vehicle dc power supply is connected to the opposite ends of the energy storage element or input terminals of the dc input circuit. The inverter performs switching operations in a zero-voltage vector mode, to operate as a chopper, so that power is transferred between the variable-voltage energy storage element, and the dc input side of the inverter.

Abstract: An electric vehicle whose wheels are powered by a d.c. power supply includes a combination of a rechargeable high-energy battery and a rechargeable high-power battery or to a hybrid electric vehicle whose wheels are powered by the d.c. power supply and an internal combustion engine. The d.c. power supply is formed by connecting a d.c. circuit which comprises a rechargeable high-power battery and a current-stiff two-quadrant chopper in parallel with the rechargeable high-power battery. When an current of the rechargeable high-power battery is increased to a value which is greater than a specified value, the chopper is activated to charge or discharge the rechargeable high-power battery, thereby reducing an current of the rechargeable high-power battery to a value which is smaller than the specified value.

Abstract: An electric system of an electric vehicle including a main battery as a power supply, and a semiconductor power converter for driving a wheel driving motor. Impact destroying switches are inserted into connecting lines which connect a main battery to the semiconductor power converter, and into a connecting line connecting main battery block. Each impact destroying switch breaks its conduction by blasting an explosive in the switch in response to the impact due to a collision of the vehicle body. In case of an emergency such as a collision, since the main battery is instantaneously disconnected from the connecting lines by the switches, the connecting lines become free from the voltage. This makes it possible to prevent fire, and to cut off the vehicle body to save passengers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling an internal combustion engine driven electric vehicle in power operation of the vehicle, in which control is made so that a voltage of a DC intermediate circuit is maintained to a first constant DC voltage in a first speed range of from a zero vehicle speed to a first vehicle speed, the voltage of the DC intermediate circuit is changed in proportion to the vehicle speed in the second speed range of from the first vehicle speed to a second vehicle speed, and the voltage of the DC intermediate circuit is made to be a second constant DC voltage in the third speed range not lower than the second vehicle speed, and control is further made so that an AC output of the second power converter is made to have a variable voltage and a variable frequency in the first and second speed ranges, while the AC output of the second power converter is made to have a constant voltage and a variable frequency in the third speed range.

Abstract: A magnet rotor for a synchronous motor includes a yoke formed of a magnetic material. A generally cylindrical permanent magnet is disposed around the yoke magnet and has N and S poles alternately located in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet. An adhesive is filled in the clearance between the outer peripheral surface of the yoke and the inner peripheral surface of the permanent magnet. The adhesive is hardened at a hardening temperature, which is around a maximum temperature encountered during operation of the motor to accomplish bonding between the yoke and the permanent magnet. The clearance between the yoke and the permanent magnet has a dimension L given by the following formula:L.gtoreq.(E.times..DELTA.L) / .sigma.swhere E is a tensile elastic modulus of the adhesive; .DELTA.L is a change amount of the clearance upon thermal expansion or contraction; and .sigma.s is a tensile stress applied to the adhesive.

Abstract: A driving device controls a permanent-magnet synchronous motor having a permanent magnet in its rotor using a voltage-type inverter supplying drive power for the synchronous motor, makes the torque of the synchronous motor and the d-axis current flowing in the synchronous motor in the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet approach their own command values, and performs weakening field control by decreasing the d-axis current. To perform the above described control without complicated d-axis current command value operations or temperature amendments to motor constants, the driving device includes a proportional controller for outputting a d-axis signal proportional to the deviation between a d-axis current detection value and a d-axis current command value for the motor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling an internal combustion engine driven electric vehicle in power operation of the vehicle, in which control is made so that a voltage of a DC intermediate circuit is maintained to a first constant DC voltage in a first speed range of from a zero vehicle speed to a first vehicle speed, the voltage of the DC intermediate circuit is changed in proportion to the vehicle speed in the second speed range of from the first vehicle speed to a second vehicle speed, end the voltage of the DC intermediate circuit is made to be a second constant DC voltage in the third speed range not lower than the second vehicle speed, and control is further made so that an AC output of the second power converter is made to have a variable voltage and a variable frequency in the first and second speed ranges, while the AC output of the second power converter is made to have a constant voltage and a variable frequency in the third speed range.

Abstract: An electric system of an electric vehicle, in which an AC voltage is applied from an external AC power source to the inverter via windings of an AC motor during the charging operation of a main secondary battery. The inverter has a regenerative function enabling reverse conversion, and the motor windings operate as reactors. A contactor whose first terminals are connected to terminals of the windings and whose second terminals are shortcircuited is provided. The first terminals of the contactor are connected via connecting lines to a charging connector which is to be connected to the external power source. A portion of the vehicle body is connected to the charging connector via a ground line, and is grounded. The contactor is opened when the main secondary battery is charged, and is closed when the electric vehicle is driven.

Abstract: An inverter converting by using semiconductor power switching devices a DC voltage supplied from a main battery to an AC voltage supplied to an AC motor. Unipolar switching devices such as MOSFETs are used as the power switching devices. The power switching devices are controlled so that the output voltage of the inverter is composed of pulses taking three levels in the operation range of high output power. This makes it possible to reduce the stationary loss and switching loss of the switching devices, and to increase the efficiency of the inverter.

Abstract: An electric system for an electric vehicle enabling a secondary battery to be charged easily without using a large capacity and bulky charging system. The system can maintain integrity of power on a distribution network during charging. When charging the secondary battery, a switch connecting an inverter to an AC motor is opened, and then, the AC voltage from an external distribution network is supplied to the AC side of the inverter. The inverter rectifies the AC voltage to a DC voltage under the control of a control circuit so that the secondary battery is charged by the DC voltage. In another example, the windings of the AC motor may be connected between the distribution network and the inverter by the switching operation of a three-pole contactor so that the windings function as AC reactors.

Abstract: A driving system for an electric vehicle which drives wheels thereof with the aid of an AC motor via an inverter while a battery is used as a power source is constructed such that the primary side and the secondary side of the AC motor are rotatably supported in a motor frame. One of the primary and the secondary sides of the AC motor is operatively connected to a power transmission shaft for one of a left-hand wheel and a right-hand wheel via a reversible type speed reducing mechanism while the direction of rotation of the power transmission shaft is reversed relative to that of the one of the primary and secondary sides. The other one of the primary and the secondary sides of the AC motor is operatively connected to a power transmission shaft for the other one of the wheels via a non-reversible type speed reducing mechanism while the direction of rotation of the power transmission shaft is kept unchanged relative to that of the other one of the primary and secondary sides.

Abstract: In an electric system for an electric vehicle, DC power of a main battery is converted into AC power by an inverter which has a power regenerative function. At startup, the system charges an input smoothing capacitor on the DC side of the inverter through an initial charging circuit with an initial charging switch and resistor. A main circuit switch that can stop current is connected between the main battery and the inverter. A rheostatic braking circuit with a rheostatic braking switch and a braking resistor is connected to the DC input side of the inverter for rheostatic breaking when required. Rheostatic braking takes over after regenerative braking when the main battery loses its power absorption capability, with the main circuit switch off. Semiconductors can be used as switches, and can be placed on a cooling body or modularized. Low-noise wires can be used to reduce noise.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling an internal combustion engine driven electric vehicle in power operation of the vehicle, in which control is made so that a voltage of a DC intermediate circuit is maintained to a first constant DC voltage in a first speed range of from a zero vehicle speed to a first vehicle speed, the voltage of the DC intermediate circuit is changed in proportion to the vehicle speed in the second speed range of from the first vehicle speed to a second vehicle speed, and the voltage of the DC intermediate circuit is made to be a second constant DC voltage in the third speed range not lower than the second vehicle speed, and control is further made so that an AC output of the second power converter is made to have a variable voltage and a variable frequency in the first and second speed ranges, while the AC output of the second power converter is made to have a constant voltage and a variable frequency in the third speed range.

Abstract: An AC variable speed driving apparatus including an AC motor and an inverter for driving the motor. The AC motor includes a synchronous motor and an induction motor. The synchronous motor includes first stator windings and a first rotor having a permanent magnet. The induction motor includes second stator windings and a second rotor. The first and second stator windings are disposed so that they do not magnetically interfere with each other. The first and second rotors are mounted on a common axis of rotation. The inverter supplies AC power to the stator windings so that the synchronous motor and the induction motor are driven independently. A highly efficient, large output and low cost system can be realized in a wide speed range.

Abstract: An electric system for an electric vehicle includes a main battery used for driving the vehicle, an auxiliary battery used for accessories of the vehicle, an AC motor for driving one or more wheels, an inverter for converting DC power supplied from the main battery to AC power to be supplied to the AC motor, and an auxiliary battery charging circuit for charging the auxiliary battery by using the AC power from the inverter. When charging the auxiliary battery, the AC power is insulatedly transformed and then rectified. In another example, an input capacitor in the inverter is charged by a DC-DC converter connected with the auxiliary battery as its power supply when the inverter starts. The system enables the auxiliary battery charging circuit to be small, light and low cost. The system can also charge the auxiliary battery for accessories even when the vehicle is stopping.