Abstract: Provided is an electrode (1) which has a double structure including Cu or a Cu alloy as an electrode body (2) and a core material (3) made of W, Mo, a W-based alloy, or a Mo-based alloy embedded in a surface of the electrode body (2) which is abutted against a material to be welded, the core material (3) being formed by using W, Mo, the W-based alloy, or the Mo-based alloy which is in the form of a fibrous structure extended by sintering, swaging, and annealing in an electrode axis direction, the fibrous structure having a horizontal cross-sectional average particle diameter of 50 ?m or more and an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more. The electrode (1) can be used as an inexpensive electrode obtained by suppressing particle dropping/attrition and defects in electrodes for spot welding, in which heat and pressure are applied repeatedly, stably enhancing durability.

Abstract: A high-strength steel pipe rockbolt has an expansive rockbolt main body prepared by processing a high-strength steel sheet of 1.8-2.3 mm in thickness with a tensile strength of 490-640 N/mm2 and an elongation of 20% or more into a welded pipe and roll-forming the welded pipe into a shaped pipe having one or more concavities extending along an axial direction. Use of the high-strength steel sheet ensures sufficient strength of the shaped pipe regardless of a decrease in thickness. The thin welded pipe is also advantageous in resistance to cracking caused by accumulation of strains introduced during roll-forming, swaging both ends of the welded pipe and hydraulic expansion. Moreover, expansive deformation of the shaped pipe is initiated by injection of a pressurized fluid at a low pressure, so that the expansive deformation is completed in a short time period with an improved working efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is an electrode (1) which has a double structure including Cu or a Cu alloy as an electrode body (2) and a core material (3) made of W, Mo, a W-based alloy, or a Mo-based alloy embedded in a surface of the electrode body (2) which is abutted against a material to be welded, the core material (3) being formed by using W, Mo, the W-based alloy, or the Mo-based alloy which is in the form of a fibrous structure extended by sintering, swaging, and annealing in an electrode axis direction, the fibrous structure having a horizontal cross-sectional average particle diameter of 50 ?m or more and an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more. The electrode (1) can be used as an inexpensive electrode obtained by suppressing particle dropping/attrition and defects in electrodes for spot welding, in which heat and pressure are applied repeatedly, stably enhancing durability.

Abstract: In order to provide a method and apparatus for forming a sheet metal, in which a three-dimensional product such as a prototype for commercialized press-forming can be formed in short time without limitations as to the shape and with high accuracy, preventing body wrinkles or reduction of the sheet thickness, a process of: performing drawing-forming to a predetermine height by pushing the forming punch having a desired shape in the sheet thickness direction with the edges of the blank workpiece being clamped; performing shape-forming with the shaping tool in the opposite side to the forming punch by increasing a clamping pressure to lock movement of a material with the forming punch being pushed; performing drawing-forming again by decreasing the clamping pressure and raising the forming punch by a desired height; and performing shape-forming with the shaping tool by increasing the clamping pressure to lock movement of a material, is repeated at least once.

Abstract: To prevent a single bidder from profiting by submitting multiple false-name bids, an auctioneer: sets a threshold price r; determines the ranking i of the minimum value equal to or larger than r in a buyers' evaluation value sequence sorted in decreasing order and the ranking j of the maximum value equal to or smaller than r in a sellers' evaluation value sequence sorted in increasing order; if i=j, allows first to i-th buyers and sellers to trade at the price r; if i>j, allows first to j-th buyers and sellers to trade at a trade price of the (j+1)-th buyer's evaluation value for the buyers and at the threshold price r for the sellers; and if i<j, allows the first to i-th buyers and sellers to trade at the threshold price for the buyers and at a trade price of the (i+1)-th seller's evaluation value.

Abstract: A lock bolt of a high strength steel pipe, wherein an expansion type lock bolt body is formed of a deformed pipe manufactured by using, as a raw material, a high tension steel plate having a tensile strength of 490 to 640 N/mm2, an elongation of 20% or more, and a plate thickness of 1.8 to 2.3 mm and having a single or a plurality of recessed parts extending in the axial direction of the deformed pipe. Since the high tension steel plate is used in the lock bolt, sufficient strength can be secured for the lock bolt though the steel plate is thin, and cracking due to stains introduced in a molding process, a both end shrinkage process, and a pressurizing/expanding process can be suppressed. Since an expansion start pressure when a pressurized fluid is press-fitted and inflated is also low, a time in which the expansion/deformation is completed can be shortened and workability can also be improved.

Abstract: In order to provide a method and apparatus for forming a sheet metal, in which a three-dimensional product such as a prototype for commercialized press-forming can be formed in short time without limitations as to the shape and with high accuracy, preventing body wrinkles or reduction of the sheet thickness, a process of: performing drawing-forming to a predetermine height by pushing the forming punch having a desired shape in the sheet thickness direction with the edges of the blank workpiece being clamped; performing shape-forming with the shaping tool in the opposite side to the forming punch by increasing a clamping pressure to lock movement of a material with the forming punch being pushed; performing drawing-forming again by decreasing the clamping pressure and raising the forming punch by a desired height; and performing shape-forming with the shaping tool by increasing the clamping pressure to lock movement of a material, is repeated at least once.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus capable of accurately shaping, within a short time, cubic products such as trial products for press molding for mass production without limitation of a molding shape. While edge portions of a blank are clamped, a mold punch having a molding shape is pushed from a sheet thickness direction to conduct rough forming. While the mold punch is kept pushed, shaping is conducted by use of a rod-like tool from an opposite side to the mold punch sandwiching the sheet thickness.

Abstract: To prevent a single bidder from profiting by submitting multiple false-name bids, an auctioneer: sets a threshold price r; determines the ranking i of the minimum value equal to or larger than r in a buyers' evaluation value sequence sorted in decreasing order and the ranking j of the maximum value equal to or smaller than r in a sellers' evaluation value sequence sorted in increasing order; if i=j, allows first to i-th buyers and sellers to trade at the price r; if i>j, allows first to j-th buyers and sellers to trade at a trade price of the (j+1)-th buyer's evaluation value for the buyers and at the threshold price r for the sellers; and if i<j, allows the first to i-th buyers and sellers to trade at the threshold price for the buyers and at a trade price of the (i+1)-th seller's evaluation value.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the dieless forming of a sheet. The apparatus comprises a pressing mechanism and a sheet holding mechanism which are moved with respect to each other in X, Y and Z-axis directions and has a fixed ceiling plate form having a plane shape matching the bottom profile of a product to be formed; a framelike support plate surrounding the ceiling plate form is raised and lowered by at least one pair of raising/lowering actuators, and restraining actuators apply a controllable restraining force to the sheet byway of a framelike restraining plate clamping the periphery of the sheet in the sheet thickness direction between itself and the support plate. A mechanism for causing the support plate to undergo balanced movement and a material flow control mechanism may be preferably further provided.

Abstract: A zirconia oxygen sensor for measuring oxygen potential in the molten bath of a metal or alloy having a melting point of 350-550.degree. C., which comprises a reference electrode which is of a substance having a melting point of the same level as or lower than the metal or alloy of which the oxygen potential is to be measured and being liquid at the measurement temperature and is open to the atmosphere, a vessel of a zirconia solid electrolyte containing 5-10% yttria or 10-20% of calcium oxide (CaO) and a lead wire which connects the reference electrode and said molten metal or alloy and its use are disclosed.

Abstract: The vapor and particulate matter emitting equipment is enclosed within walls of an electrostatically charged clear plastic sheet material. The enclosures are connected at their tops to hoods which are connected to ducting leading to an exhaust fan. The vapors are contained within the enclosures until they can be evacuated by the fan. The particulate matter is attracted to the electrostatically charged sheet material.

Abstract: The vapor and particulate matter emitting equipment is enclosed within walls of an electrostatically charged clear plastic sheet material. The enclosures are connected at their tops to hoods which are connected to ducting leading to an exhaust fan. The vapors are contained within the enclosures until they can be evacuated by the fan. The particulate matter is attracted to the electrostatically charged sheet material.