Abstract: A video game device comprises: a monitor; a display unit for displaying an event place where a specific event is performed on the monitor; a sound output unit for outputting a background sound relating to the event; a memory for storing a background sound data relating to the event; an event place determining unit for determining types of event places; and a background sound controller for reading out the background sound data from the memory, outputting it as a background sound and performing an echo process on the background sound in response to the type of the event place determined by the event place determining unit.

Abstract: A background-sound switching method and apparatus is provided for switching of background-music data. A partitioning code represents an end position of a phrase of background sounds outputted through a speaker. A switching instruction device outputs a switching-instruction signal which causes switching from the background-sound data being outputted to a D/A converter to other background-sound data. Following output of the switching-instruction signal, a data-number controller stores in RAM a data number which defines a next background-sound data to be outputted to the D/A converter. A code detector detects the partitioning code of the background-sound data being outputted. At each time the partitioning code is detected, a switching controller determines whether or not the data number is stored in the RAM and, if the data number is stored in the RAM, the background-sound data being outputted is switched to the other background-sound data defined by the data number.

Abstract: A background-sound control apparatus, a background-sound control method, readable recording medium containing a background-sound control program, and a video game apparatus improve effectiveness of background-sound data provided over a predetermined number of channels. When background sounds are produced through a speaker, a sound-level controller controls output ratios for sound levels defined in background-sound data on a channel basis and uses a sound-level control function to perform crossfading sound-level control.

Abstract: A video game apparatus in which a specified event is executed in a game space displayed on a monitor, and a plurality of background sounds having different attributes are outputted at a specified output ratio from a plurality of sound output units spaced apart from each other, comprising: a recording unit for storing the plurality of background sounds as background sound data, and a background sound control unit for setting the output ratio of the background sounds having different attributes to be output from the sound output units according to a viewing point and a viewing direction in the game space while reading the background sound data from the recording unit and outputting them from the plurality of sound output units.

Abstract: A background-sound control apparatus, a background-sound control method, readable recording medium containing a background-sound control program, and a video game apparatus improve effectiveness of background-sound data within the predetermined number of channels. When background sounds are produced through a speaker, sound-level control means in sound control means controls output ratios for sound levels defined in background-sound data on a channel basis and uses a sound-level control function to perform crossfading sound-level control.

Abstract: A powder grain material control unit has a cylindrically formed filter and a negative pressure chamber formed at the outer periphery of the filter. As powder grain material is discharged from an outflow portion of the powder grain material control unit, the inner peripheral portion side of the cylindrical filter is negatively pressurized so as to absorb and maintain the powder grain material of this part on the cylindrical filter side and so as to stop the discharge of the powder grain material flowing on the inner peripheral portion side of the cylindrical filter. The control unit may be used in combination with a powder grain filling unit that includes material carrying means which may be an auger having a spiral blade provided with a central axis of rotation.

Abstract: The packaging apparatus comprises a former for forming a film sheet to a cylinder, a vertical chute pipe coaxially disposed in the former, support members for supporting the chute pipe disposed on load cells fixed on a frame separately in structure, a vertical heat sealer for sealing the film sheet into a cylinder, a controller for calculating the weight of goods to be put in the cylinder, a weighing unit for putting the goods in the cylinder while being controlled by the controller, a lateral heat sealer for sealing the cylinder under the end of the chute pipe for closing the cylinder filled with the goods and separating it by cutting while remaining a bottom portion of a next bag, wherein the controller controls a sequential steps of operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: An initializing apparatus includes a laser light source for emitting an erasing laser light for initializing an optical disk, a laser drive circuit for driving the laser light source according to an AC waveform signal, an optical system for irradiating the optical disk with the erasing laser light and track address detecting circuitry for detecting the track address. Furthermore, the laser light source, the laser drive circuit and the optical system are previously adjusted so that an amorphous portion having a size of ½ or less of a wavelength of the erasing laser light may be formed at the inside of a melting re-crystallization portion.

Abstract: A video game device comprises: a monitor; a display unit for displaying an event place where a specific event is performed on the monitor; a sound output unit for outputting a background sound relating to the event; a memory for storing a background sound data releting to the event; an event place determining unit for determining types of event places; and a background sound controller for reading out the background sound data from the memory, outputting it as a background sound and performing an echo process on the background sound in response to the type of the event place determined by the event place determining unit.

Abstract: An error control device includes an error detection code generating section and an error detection section. The error code generating section is arranged in a recording system to generate and add an error detection code to variable-length data. The error detection section is arranged in a reproducing system to perform error detection for reproduced variable-length data on the basis of the error detection code added thereto.

Abstract: An optical disk recordable on first and second principal surfaces thereof rotates at a constant angular velocity. First and second optical heads positioned over the respective first and second principal surfaces are simultaneously moved along the same or different radiuses by a disk rotating unit for recording data on the optical disk. A head position detector is responsive to track addresses read by the first and second optical heads for outputting head position signals indicative of the distances from the center of the optical disk to the first and second optical heads. A control clock generator determines the ratio of linear velocities of tracks where the first and second optical heads are positioned, and generates control clock signals having respective bit rates depending on the linear velocity ratio. Based on the control clock signals, a data distributor distributes image data and non-image data such as audio and control data to the first and second optical heads.

Abstract: In a Viterbi decoding method, there are four playback states which are state S0, state S1, state S2, and state S3. When the signal e(t) that violates the predetermined state transition rules is inputted, bit error correction is performed by detecting the incorrect state and determined the original state. According to the predetermined state transition rules, for example, when the signal e(t) of "-1" is inputted during state S0, it makes a transition to state S0 and the value of the output signal f(t) is made "0".

Abstract: Apparatus for preventing percussion beats in a brake booster is disclosed. The apparatus prevents percussion beats from occurring as a result of an abutment of a valve plunger, which forms part of a valve mechanism, against a key member which is used to prevent the valve plunger from being withdrawn from the valve body. An elastic member is formed on at least one of the key member and the valve plunger. The key member and the valve plunger are formed with abutting surfaces thereon which are adapted to abut against each other. A normal spacing between the abutting surfaces is chosen to be greater than a spacing as measured between the elastic member and the other member which is abutted by the elastic member. In this manner, the occurrence of percussion beats as the key member abuts against the valve plunger is prevented while also preventing a reduction in the durability of the elastic member.

Abstract: A brake booster is disclosed. Specifically, an apparatus for preventing withdrawal of a key member, which is used to prevent the withdrawal of a valve plunger, forming a valve mechanism, from a valve body includes a retainer which prevents the withdrawal of the key member from the valve body. An insertion groove is formed in the valve body, and radially extending slits are formed in the end faces defined by the sides of the insertion groove. The retainer is formed with a locking portion, the free end of which is formed with an engaging portion, which is inserted into the slit to prevent an axial displacement of the free end of the locking portion. In this manner, the withdrawal of the key member from the valve is positively prevented.

Abstract: A processing apparatus for producing a recording signal from a video signal is disclosed. The video signal is coded to include a plurality of sub-blocks, each of the sub-blocks including a synchronizing code representing a period of the sub-block. Address information varying in content at every sub-block is added to synchronizing code. A pseudo-random signal having a different code pattern with respect to each of the sub-blocks is generated. The video signal is scrambled responsive to the pseudo-random signal.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer comprising a bimorph and applicable, for example, to a helical scan type VTR for displacing a magnetic head into alignment with a magnetic track on a videotape, together with a control device for the electromechanical transducer. The bimorph is displaceabe at a free end portion thereof in response to a voltage applied thereacross. The control device comprises a sensor for sensing a displacement of the transducer, a drive circuit for driving the bimorph in response to externally derived drive signals which include a head position compensation drive signal, a feedback circuit for applying negative feedback to the drive circuit in response to a sensed displacement, and a low pass filter for cutting off high frequency components of the drive signal. The feedback circuit includes a high pass filter for reducing frequencies lower than first order resonance frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus for synchronizing the playback of magnetic tape, use in a VTR, to a reference signal. Reference addresses which are synchronized to the reference signal and tape addresses which are derived from and correspond to video frames located on the tape are generated. The playback speed of the tape is controlled by a capstan servo to select a speed at which the tape addresses and the reference addresses are synchronized. Each tape section corresponding to a single tape address is further subdivided into auxiliary segments which are identified by an auxiliary address. After a reference address and a tape address have been synchronized, the auxiliary address is compared against a predetermined value and the tape is momentarily accelerated or decelerated to further align the tape to the reference signal.

Abstract: A present position display device suitable for use on automobiles or the like vehicles, having a head member provided with a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element; a driving mechanism for driving the head member in the directions of an X and Y-axes; a mechanism for rotationally driving the driving mechanism; a sheet pack detachably mounted in the vicinity of and in parallel with the plane of movement of the head member; and a map transferrably disposed in the sheet pack; whereby the present position of the vehicle is indicated by the light coming from the light-emitting element on the map. Means are provided to read codes of specific positions marked on the map and to make an indication of the specific position as desired.

Abstract: For use in pre-editing a video tape, an original video tape is prepared by automatically recording successive scene numbers on a video tape in correspondence to the respective scenes being recorded on the tape. As the scenes are displayed in combination with the scene numbers, those of successive numbers preliminarily recorded on a card in one-to-one correspondence to the scene numbers are marked, which correspond to the scenes to be selected. The marked numbers are read while signals representative of the scenes and the scene numbers are reproduced from the original video tape. Each time correspondence between the marked numbers and the reproduced scene numbers is detected, scenes corresponding to the detected scene numbers are automatically transferred to another video tape to thereby complete the scene-selected video tape. The scene numbers may be recorded on the cue track to be visually displayed as successive numerals together with the corresponding scenes.

Abstract: A stepping motor-control circuit based on the micro-step control comprises an up-down-counter, a circuit for determining an excitation sequence for respective phases of the stepping motor in accordance with a count output of the counter, and a circuit for generating a stepped waveform excitation signal in accordance with the count output of the counter, so that the excitation state of each phase of the stepping motor is controlled in a stepped waveform consisting of a plurality of steps. The stepping motor is permitted to operate at high speed by raising the frequency of a reference clock signal applied thereto.