Abstract: An endless belt includes: a resin; and electrically conductive particles, wherein an integrated discharge amount is 350 ?C or less. The integrated discharge amount is determined by disposing an electrode at a position spaced 60 ?m apart from the outer circumferential surface of the belt, applying a voltage to the electrode, and measuring the amount of discharge for a period of 1 second after the voltage reaches 1300 V.

Abstract: A polyimide resin film includes: a first layer that contains an imide resin, a bond composition ratio of a sum of a C—N bond and a C—O bond to bonds of all C elements that are present in a surface of the first layer being 4 atm % or more; and a second layer that is provided on the surface of the first layer.

Abstract: An endless belt includes either a single-layer body including a layer including an imide resin and conductive particles, or a multilayer body including the layer as an outermost layer. The ratio y/x of the layer is 0.8992 or more and 1.0157 or less, where x [log ?/?] is the common logarithm of the surface resistivity of the outer peripheral surface of the layer measured with a ring probe when a voltage of 100 V is applied to the layer for 3 seconds at a load of 1 kg, and y [log ?·cm] is the common logarithm of the volume resistivity of the layer measured with a ring probe when a voltage of 100 V is applied to the layer for 5 seconds at a load of 1 kg.

Abstract: Provided is a transfer device that includes an intermediate transfer body which is a first endless belt including a resin and conductive carbon particles and in which in a spatial distribution of the conductive carbon particles that are present in an evaluation region of 6.3 ?m×4.2 ?m on an outer peripheral surface; a first transfer component that first-transfers a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier to a surface of the intermediate transfer body; and a second transfer component which has a second endless belt disposed so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer body, which second-transfers the toner image transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer body to a surface of a recording medium on the second endless belt.

Abstract: A transfer unit includes an intermediate transfer belt including a resin and in which in a spatial distribution of conductive carbon particles that are present in an evaluation region of 6.3 ?m×4.2 ?m on an outer peripheral surface, an integrated value of a statistic L(r) in an interparticle distance r of 0.05 ?m or more and 0.30 ?m or less is 0 or more and 0.1 or less; and a cleaning component including a cleaning blade which contacts the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt and in which a value of M100/Re is 0.25 or more and a value of Re is 25 or more where M100 represents a 100% modulus (MPa) of a contact portion of the cleaning blade contacts the intermediate transfer belt, and Re represents a rebound resilience coefficient (%) of the contact portion: L(r):=?{square root over (K(r)/?)}?r??(1) K ? ( r ) := ? i ? j N ? 1 ? ( ? X i - X j ? ? r ) / s ? ( ? X i - X j ? ) ? 2 .

Abstract: A fixing belt member includes a base layer. The base layer contains a polyimide-based resin composition and at least one type of particles selected from the group consisting of acetylene black particles and graphitized carbon black particles.

Abstract: A belt includes a first layer defining an outer peripheral surface of the belt and a second layer arranged adjacent to the first layer. The first and second layers include a polyimide-based resin. The first layer includes carbon black particles. A part of the carbon black particles which are exposed at the outer peripheral surface of the belt have a size of 5 nm or more and 150 nm or less. The area fraction of the part of the carbon black particles which are exposed at the outer peripheral surface of the belt to the outer peripheral surface of the belt is 2% or more and 35% or less. The belt includes 80 or more conducting points per square micrometer and has a volume resistivity of 10 log ?·cm or more.

Abstract: A belt includes a first layer defining an outer peripheral surface of the belt and a second layer arranged adjacent to the first layer. The first and second layers include a polyimide-based resin. The first layer includes carbon black particles. A part of the carbon black particles which are exposed at the outer peripheral surface of the belt have a size of 5 nm or more and 150 nm or less. The area fraction of the part of the carbon black particles which are exposed at the outer peripheral surface of the belt to the outer peripheral surface of the belt is 2% or more and 35% or less. The belt includes 80 or more conducting points per square micrometer and has a volume resistivity of 10 log ?·cm or more.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a first resin and first conductive carbon particles. In the spatial distribution of the first conductive carbon particles present in an evaluation region of the outer peripheral surface of the endless belt which has a size of 6.3 ?m×4.2 ?m, the integral of the statistic L(r) represented by Formula (1) below from 0.05 ?m to 0.30 ?m with respect to an interparticle distance r is 0 or more and 0.

Abstract: A polyimide resin film includes: a first layer that contains an imide resin, a bond composition ratio of a sum of a C—N bond and a C—O bond to bonds of all C elements that are present in a surface of the first layer being 4 atm % or more, and a second layer that is provided on the surface of the first layer.

Abstract: A transfer belt includes a resin base material layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a polyamide-imide resin A, a siloxane-modified imide resin B, and a conductive material.

Abstract: A belt capable of holding a toner image, the belt being used for an image forming apparatus, includes a multilayer structure including a surface layer defining an outer peripheral surface of the belt. The belt has a 5-sec volume resistivity at 100 V of 10.0 log ?·cm or more and 12.5 log ?·cm or less. The outer peripheral surface of the belt has a 3-sec surface resistivity at 100 V of more than 11.0 log ?/sq and 13.5 log ?/sq or less. The difference between a 1-sec surface resistivity of the outer peripheral surface of the belt at 100 V and a 100-sec surface resistivity of the outer peripheral surface of the belt at 100 V is 0.5 or less.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes a base composed of a foamed resin layer which contains a flat-shaped heat transfer agent and whose thermal conductivity in a direction of the thickness of the belt is 0.5 W/(m·K) or more.

Abstract: A fixing belt member includes a base layer. The base layer contains a polyimide-based resin composition and at least one type of particles selected from the group consisting of acetylene black particles and graphitized carbon black particles.

Abstract: A battery pack structure includes a chamber, a cooling duct arranged outside the pack case, and a connector that communicates the chamber and the cooling duct with each other. The connector includes a first opening, which is connected with the chamber in a state of being sealed by a first sealing member, a second opening, which is connected with a cooling duct in a state of being sealed by a second sealing member, a first sealing surface, which is formed in a peripheral part of the first opening and is either a tube-shaped surface or a plane that faces a chamber inlet surface though the first sealing member, and a second sealing surface, which is formed in a peripheral part of the second opening and is a tube-shaped surface or a plane that faces a duct outlet surface through the second sealing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer that includes at least one of a hindered phenol antioxidant and a benzophenone ultraviolet absorber, a charging device, an electrostatic latent image forming device, a developing device, and a transfer device that includes an intermediate transfer belt whose electric field dependence of a volume resistivity is 0.003 or less (log ?·cm)/V in a voltage range of from 500 V to 1,000 V, and transfers a toner image formed on a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor onto a recording medium through the intermediate transfer belt and erases charges from the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by applying current to the electrophotographic photoreceptor after the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor has been transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: A battery pack structure includes a chamber, a cooling duct arranged outside the pack case, and a connector that communicates the chamber and the cooling duct with each other. The connector includes a first opening, which is connected with the chamber in a state of being sealed by a first sealing member, a second opening, which is connected with a cooling duct in a state of being sealed by a second sealing member, a first sealing surface, which is formed in a peripheral part of the first opening and is either a tube-shaped surface or a plane that faces a chamber inlet surface though the first sealing member, and a second sealing surface, which is formed in a peripheral part of the second opening and is a tube-shaped surface or a plane that faces a duct outlet surface through the second sealing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer that includes at least one of a hindered phenol antioxidant and a benzophenone ultraviolet absorber, a charging device, an electrostatic latent image forming device, a developing device, and a transfer device that includes an intermediate transfer belt whose electric field dependence of a volume resistivity is 0.003 or less (log ?·cm)/V in a voltage range of from 500 V to 1,000 V, and transfers a toner image formed on a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor onto a recording medium through the intermediate transfer belt and erases charges from the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by applying current to the electrophotographic photoreceptor after the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor has been transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: An electricity storage device includes: a first battery stack (15) including a plurality of cells that are aligned in a first direction; a second battery stack (11 to 14) including a plurality of cells that are aligned in a second direction different from the first direction, the second battery stack being placed under the first battery stack; and a duct for coolant. The duct is disposed along the first battery stack and is positioned between the first battery stack and the second battery stack.

Abstract: An electricity storage device includes a first battery stack (15), a second battery stack (11 to 14), and a case (22) that accommodates the first battery stack and the second battery stack. Each of the first battery stack and the second battery stack includes a plurality of cells (151) that are aligned and the second battery stack is placed under the first battery stack. The supporting member (80) that supports the first battery stack is placed between the first battery stack and the second battery stack and is fixed to the case.